Morphological features of the domestic house cricket (Acheta domesticus) for translational aging studies

Abstract

Aging alters morphology and locomotor function in diverse organisms, yet standardized model systems for studying these changes remain limited to a relatively few species. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of age- and sex-dependent morphological variations in house crickets (Acheta domesticus), integrating refined husbandry protocols to enhance reproducibility and translational relevance. To ensure data consistency, we implemented a standardized husbandry framework incorporating self-determined photoperiods, co-housing both sexes, and controlled diet and hydration strategies. We observed progressive increases in body weight, length, and appendage dimensions with age, with pronounced sexual dimorphism emerging post-maturity. Structural adaptations, including increased femoral volume and cross-sectional area, suggest compensatory mechanisms for age-related declines in muscle efficiency, while reduced hind leg-to-body length ratios indicate potential biomechanical constraints on locomotion. Furthermore, antennal growth patterns highlight prolonged sensory investment, potentially offsetting declining mobility in aging individuals. Our results underscore the necessity of harmonizing environmental conditions in gerontological research, as variations in lighting, substrate availability, and microbiome exposure may significantly impact physiological resilience and behavioral fidelity. Future work should explore the influence of microbiome diversity on lifespan and stress resilience while refining methodologies for cricket rearing from egg to adulthood. By bridging invertebrate and vertebrate aging research, this study positions house crickets as a scalable, high-throughput animal model for investigating age-related functional decline, behavioral plasticity, and lifespan-extending interventions. Integrating behavioral assays, biomechanical analyses, and molecular markers of aging will further elucidate the interplay between morphology, function, health, and longevity, advancing the utility of crickets in comparative geroscience.

Keywords: Aging; Geroscience; House crickets; Locomotion; Morphology; Sensory adaptation; Standardized husbandry.