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Observational Study
. 2025 Jun 3;25(1):91.
doi: 10.1186/s12873-025-01253-5.

Enhancing emergency department triage for older patients: a prospective study on the integration of the identification of seniors at risk

Lanxin Ouyang #  1 , Shuzhen Yu #  1 , Ziwei Hu  1 , Yin Lin  1 , Di Liu  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Enhancing emergency department triage for older patients: a prospective study on the integration of the identification of seniors at risk

Lanxin Ouyang et al. BMC Emerg Med. .

Abstract

Background: Older adults are a growing demographic in emergency departments (EDs) worldwide, yet traditional triage systems often fail to account for their unique risks, leading to under-triage and adverse outcomes. The Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) tool offers a pragmatic approach to enhance risk stratification, but its integration into ED triage systems remains underexplored.

Methods: This prospective single-center observational cohort study assessed older patients (≥ 65 years) using both the standard ED triage system and the ISAR scale. After a 30-day follow-up, triage levels were retrospectively adjusted upward by one level for patients with ISAR scores ≥ 2. The predictive accuracy of the revised triage system was compared to the original system using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results: Among 973 patients completing follow-up, 38.1% had an ISAR score ≥ 2. Older patients (≥ 75 years) were more likely to be classified as high risk and had significantly higher rates of adverse outcomes, including ICU admission and 30-day mortality. The revised triage system slightly improved discriminative ability in patients aged ≥ 65 years (AUC 0.697 to 0.714), with stable performance maintained in those aged ≥ 75 years (AUC 0.703). Sensitivity declined slightly, while specificity improved.

Conclusion: Integrating ISAR into ED triage modestly enhanced the identification of older patients at risk for short-term adverse outcomes, particularly among those aged ≥ 65 years. These findings support the value of incorporating geriatric screening into routine triage to enable more tailored risk stratification. Further studies are needed to evaluate implementation feasibility across different healthcare settings and to inform integration into routine practice.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Keywords: Emergency department triage; Geriatric emergency care; Older patients; Risk stratification.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Central Hospital of Wuhan (Ethics approval number: WHZXKYL2024-033). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians prior to their inclusion in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of patient enrollment
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparison of Area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) for predicting adverse outcomes using two triage criteria (Left panel: Patients aged ≥ 65 years; Right panel: Patients aged ≥ 75 years)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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