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. 2025 Aug;21(34):e2501560.
doi: 10.1002/smll.202501560. Epub 2025 Jun 4.

Nanopore-Based Single-Molecule Logic Unit (sMOLU)

Sotaro Takiguchi  1 , Nanami Takeuchi  1 , Harune Suzuki  1 , Masayuki Ohara  1 , Ken Komiya  2 , Ryuji Kawano  1
Affiliations

Nanopore-Based Single-Molecule Logic Unit (sMOLU)

Sotaro Takiguchi et al. Small. 2025 Aug.

Abstract

DNA computing has recently advanced from theoretical computations to a wide variety of applications. Single-molecule DNA computing combined with nanopore technology offers a unique approach to real-time molecular computation. A single-molecule logic unit (sMOLU) is developed that uses α-hemolysin nanopores to implement a DNA-based AND logic gate within lipid bilayers. This molecular system leverages a three-way DNA junction immobilized within a nanopore on a lipid membrane, enabling enzyme-specific cleavage and signal amplification in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Fluorescence and electrophysiological measurements confirm precise logic gate operations at the single-molecule level. The sMOLU platform demonstrates the potential for advancing nanoscale computational systems with precise molecular analysis capability by integrating DNA computing and nanopore technologies.

Keywords: DNA computing; DNA logic gate; giant unilamellar vesicle; membrane; nanopore.

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