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. 2025 Jun 4.
doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01126-0. Online ahead of print.

Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and microshear bond strength of an experimental adhesive system containing chitosan-based silver oxide particles

Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour  1 , Alireza Boruziniat  1 , Seyedeh Azam Hoseini  1 , Hosein Bagheri  2 , Navid Ramezanian  3 , Abbas Tanhaieian  2 , Solmaz Pourgonabadi  4 , Arsalan Shahri  5
Affiliations

Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and microshear bond strength of an experimental adhesive system containing chitosan-based silver oxide particles

Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour et al. Odontology. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect, cytotoxicity, and the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of several experimental adhesives containing different concentrations of chitosan-silver oxide (CH-Ag2O) particles. Eight experimental etch-and-rinse adhesives were prepared using four different concentrations of CH-Ag2O particles (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/v) combined with two CH-Ag2O compositions (20 mg and 60 mg Ag2O). An experimental adhesive with no additives served as the negative control, while the conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) served as the positive control. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis using the broth microdilution method. The cytotoxicity assay was done on human gingival fibroblast cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The study groups exhibiting the greatest antibacterial activity and the lowest cytotoxicity were subjected to the (µSBS) evaluation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Chi-square tests. The antibacterial properties of the adhesives containing CH-Ag2O 60 were two times greater than those containing CH-Ag2O 20. The lowest MIC and MBC were observed when 1% of CH-Ag2O particles was used. The highest cytotoxicity presented in the same dilution of MTT assessment for each concentration of CH-Ag2O (p < 0.001), with no significant differences detected among concentrations (p > 0.05) or measuring times (p > 0.05). The lowest bond strength was observed in the adhesive containing 1% CH-Ag2O 60. The adhesive containing 1% CH-Ag2O 20 showed comparable µSBS with two control groups. The experimental etch-and-rinse adhesive containing 1% CH-Ag2O 20 demonstrated favorable antibacterial properties without negatively affecting gingival fibroblasts or dentin adhesion.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Chitosan; Cytotoxicity; Dentin bonding agent; Silver oxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no financial, economic, commercial, or professional interests related to the topics discussed in this manuscript. Ethical statement: The study protocol was approved by the local ethical committee of the university (protocol number IR.MUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1397.015) on June 13, 2018.

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