Conflict of interest: L.N.D. does not have any significant disclosures. M.G.: This work was supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes nos. N01-HV-068161, N01-HV-068162, N01-HV-068163, and N01-HV-068164, and grants U01 HL064829, U01 HL649141, U01 HL649241, K23 HL105787, K23 HL125941, K23 HL127262, K23HL151867, T32 HL069751, R01 HL090957, R03 AG032631, R01 HL146158, R01 HL146158-04S1, R01 HL124649, R01 HL153500, and U54 AG065141, General Clinical Research Center grant MO1-RR00425 from the National Center for Research Resources, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Grant UL1TR000124, Department of Defense grant PR161603 (CDMRP-DoD), and grants from the Gustavus and Louis Pfeiffer Research Foundation, Danville, NJ, The Women’s Guild of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, The Ladies Hospital Aid Society of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA, and QMED, Inc., Laurence Harbor, NJ, the Edythe L. Broad and the Constance Austin Women’s Heart Research Fellowships, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, the Barbra Streisand Women’s Cardiovascular Research and Education Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, The Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, D.C., the Linda Joy Pollin Women’s Heart Health Program, the Erika Glazer Women’s Heart Health Project, the Adelson Family Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, Robert NA. Winn Diversity in Clinical Trials Career Development Award (Winn CDA), and the Anita Dann Friedman Endowment in Women’s Cardiovascular Medicine & Research. This work is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institutes of Health, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Consultant fees/honoraria: New Amsterdam, Novartis, Medtronic Inc., unrelated to this work.