Protecting vascular health: the role of flavonoids during pregnancy complications in mitigating the risk of vascular dementia later in life

Abstract

Adverse pregnancy consequences such as preeclampsia, diabetes and gestational hypertension can contribute to maternal vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) risk via vascular endothelial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, resulting in progressive cognitive health decline. Emerging evidence suggests that flavonoids, a diverse group of phytonutrients found in fruits, vegetables and certain beverages, exhibit potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may protect against vascular damage. This review explores the potential of flavonoids to mitigate pregnancy-induced vascular stress and inflammation, which are key contributors to future dementia risk. By addressing these mechanisms, this study underscores the importance of dietary interventions during pregnancy as a preventative strategy for reducing the incidence of vascular dementia, positioning flavonoid consumption as a promising approach for protecting brain health across the lifespan.

Keywords: Dementia; Diabetes; Flavonoids; Hypertension; Pregnancy complications; Vascular dementia.