How does feeding strategy affect the aromatic volatile compounds profile and sensory properties of organic fresh pork?

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate two feeding strategies on pork quality in organic farming using 77 non-castrated male pigs (Piétrain × Large White) reared in two batches, each including two groups. Male littermates were allocated to either a Control group (C, n = 37), fed following the organic specifications, or to a group receiving an organic test feed mainly based on French raw materials and containing more fibre and omega-3 fatty acids (Bio+, n = 40). Within batch, each group was reared in one pen from the same building on deep straw bedding with free outdoor access, with ad libitum feeding from around 33 kg until slaughter at around 128 kg of live weight. Loin meat samples were analysed by a trained sensory panel and by SPME-GC-MS to identify the main volatile compounds. Meat from Bio+ pigs showed a significantly more intense red colour (P < 0.01), but lower aromatic persistency (P < 0.05) and tended to be less tender (P = 0.08) than meat from C pigs. None of the samples were qualified as boar tainted. A total of 27 volatile compounds were quantified, with more compounds present in Bio+ pigs, probably due to the greater diversity of raw ingredients in the feeds. The multi-dimensional analyses enabled to observe relationships between volatile compounds and sensory traits but did not differentiate the two feeding strategies. Bio+ feeding strategy compared to C influenced some organoleptic characteristics (red colour of raw meat, aromatic persistency) without modifying the texture, odour and flavour of organic cooked pork.

Keywords: Feed composition; GC-MS SPME; Meat quality; Non-castrated pigs; Sensory analysis; Volatile compounds.