Retiring the language of first-line and second-line ART

Affiliations

¹ Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
² Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
³ Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: fordn@who.int.
⁴ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵ HIV Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Marco Vitoria et al. Lancet HIV. 2025.

. 2025 Jun 5:S2352-3018(25)00137-7.

doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(25)00137-7. Online ahead of print.

¹ Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
² Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
³ Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: fordn@who.int.
⁴ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵ HIV Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

We declare no competing interests.

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