Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jun;31(4):e70161.
doi: 10.1111/jep.70161.

The Manchester Triage System in the Paediatric Emergency Department-Accuracy of the Nonspecific Presentational Flow Charts

Tobias G Strapatsas  1   2 , Monika Kogej  3 , Uwe Baum  1 , Sabine Keiser  4 , Anna-Lena Lubojanski  4 , Ingo Gräff  3
Affiliations

The Manchester Triage System in the Paediatric Emergency Department-Accuracy of the Nonspecific Presentational Flow Charts

Tobias G Strapatsas et al. J Eval Clin Pract. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Introduction: In emergency medicine, validated triage systems, such as the Manchester Triage System (MTS), have been established to ensure proper prioritization of patients. In adult patients, using nonspecific flow charts has been shown to be less accurate. In this study, the accuracy of nonspecific paediatric flow charts compared to the more specific flow charts is systematically examined for the first time.

Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of 28,128 paediatric emergency patients being triaged between November 2021 and April 2023.

Results: During the observation period, the nonspecific presentational flow charts 'unwell newborn/baby/child', 'crying baby' and 'irritable child' were used 2695 times. The equally nonspecific flow chart 'worried parent' was used 5133 times. Patients triaged with nonspecific paediatric flow charts were often classified in lower triage levels. The AUC for the nonspecific flow charts and hospitalization in general was 0.604 [0.584-0.624] and the nonspecific chart 'worried parent' showed a lower AUC 0.594 [0.578-0.61]. The AUC of patients triaged with the more specific flow charts was 0.661 [0.654-0.669]. The AUC for the MTS nonspecific paediatric flow charts and admission to the ICU was 0.865 [0.752-0.978] and 0.782 [0.55-1] for patients triaged with worried parent as well as 0.771 [0.728-0.814] for patients triaged with more specific flow charts.

Discussion: This study is the first to examine the nonspecific paediatric flow charts. Compared to the specific flow charts, the performance of the nonspecific ones shows a significantly worse AUC for admission to the normal ward as a surrogate parameter for accuracy. Since nonspecific paediatric flow charts have many indicator questions at the indicator level that are aimed at nonspecific symptoms compared to the adult range, the poorer performance can be explained by a lack of compliance on the part of the nurse making the initial assessment.

Keywords: clinical audit; clinical safety; science.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. I. Gräff, B. Goldschmidt, P. Glien, et al., “The German Version of the Manchester Triage System and Its Quality Criteria First Assessment of Validity and Reliability,” PLoS One 9, no. 2 (2014): e88995, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088995.
    1. F. F. Grossmann, K. Delport, and D. I. Keller, “Emergency Severity Index: Deutsche übersetzung eines validen Triageinstruments [Emergency Severity Index. Translation of a Valid Triage Instrument Into German],” Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 12, no. 4 (2009): 290–292, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-009-1156-7.
    1. I. Gräff, B. Goldschmidt, P. Glien, R. C. Dolscheid‐Pommerich, R. Fimmers, and D. Grigutsch, “Validity of the Manchester Triage System in Patients With Sepsis Presenting at the ED: A First Assessment,” Emergency Medicine Journal 34, no. 4 (2017): 212–218, https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2015-205309.
    1. J. M. Zachariasse, N. Seiger, P. P. M. Rood, et al., “Validity of the Manchester Triage System in Emergency Care: A Prospective Observational Study,” PLoS One 12, no. 2 (2017): e0170811, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170811.
    1. M. van Veen, E. W. Steyerberg, M. Ruige, et al., “Manchester Triage System in Paediatric Emergency Care: Prospective Observational Study,” BMJ 337, no. 1 (2008): a1501, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a1501.

LinkOut - more resources