Efficacy of GLP-1 Agonists in Psychiatric Illnesses: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Importance: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely recognized for their antidiabetic properties, primarily due to their insulin secretagogue action. However, their potential therapeutic effects extend beyond the endocrine system, suggesting a promising role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Despite this potential, there is limited consolidation of evidence regarding their psychiatric applications. This scoping review aims to address this gap by exploring the effects of GLP-1 RAs across various psychiatric conditions, highlighting their therapeutic promise and the need for further investigation.

Observations: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PsycNet to identify studies examining the effects of GLP-1 RAs on psychiatric disorders. Original articles were included in the analysis. The findings suggest that GLP-1 RAs show efficacy in several areas, including autism-related disorders and depression. Conversely, GLP-1 RAs demonstrated no significant benefits in improving neurocognition or psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia, cocaine addiction, or dementia. Limited evidence also points to their effects on anxiety and cognitive functioning in dementia, but these findings were inconclusive.

Conclusions and Relevance: The current evidence underscores the potential of GLP-1 RAs as a novel therapeutic approach for certain psychiatric disorders, particularly alcohol-related disorders, depression, and autism-related food behaviors. However, their utility in other conditions, such as schizophrenia, cocaine addiction, and dementia, remains unsupported by robust evidence. The findings highlight the importance of conducting well-designed, long-term studies to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical applications of GLP-1 RAs in psychiatry. With further research, GLP-1 RAs could expand the therapeutic arsenal for psychiatric care, offering new hope for conditions with limited treatment options.

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2025;27(3):24nr03828.

Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.