Hepatoprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats: restoration of liver parameters and histopathological evaluation

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in alleviating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.

Methods: The study was conducted from October 2024 through February 2025. A total of 80 rats (20 rats for MSC isolation and 60 additional rats) were divided into groups. The negative control groups received olive oil twice weekly for 9 weeks, a positive control group received CCl4 in olive oil twice weekly for 9 weeks, and an MSC test group received the same treatment as the positive control group, followed by treatment with MSCs once a week for 4 weeks. Liver enzyme levels (ALT, ASP, and ALP) and the oxidant-antioxidant parameters (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity) were assessed. Histopathological analysis of liver tissues was performed to examine the extent of liver damage.

Results: The results showed increases in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The MSC test group exhibited reduced liver enzyme levels, enhanced antioxidant activity, and improved histological findings, with reduced inflammation and fibrosis.

Conclusions: MSCs possess a potent hepatoprotective effect through the restoration of antioxidant defenses, reduction of oxidative stress, and promotion of tissue regeneration.

Clinical relevance: This study supports the potential of MSC-based therapy as a promising approach for the treatment of liver damage caused by toxic insults, such as CCl4.

Keywords: antioxidants; carbon tetrachloride; histopathology; liver; mesenchymal stem cells.