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. 2025 Jun 14;16(1):1098.
doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02867-8.

Amplified TPM1 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cells proliferation and metastasis

Fengling Xu  1 , Jiangfeng Lv  2 , Shuang Qin  2 , Lijuan Liu  2 , Yuguo Ren  3
Affiliations

Amplified TPM1 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cells proliferation and metastasis

Fengling Xu et al. Discov Oncol. .

Abstract

Background: TPM1 a member of TPM family and acts as a crucial role in a variety of tumors progression. However, the effect and mechanism of TPM1 on NSCLC need to be further explored. Here, effect and mechanism of TPM1 on NSCLC were revealed to provide new target for clinical therapy.

Methods: TPM1 expression in NSCLC tissues and normal tissues was analyzed using GEPIA online database. NSCLC cells were transfected with TPM1 overexpression plasmid. TPM1 mRNA expression of NSCLC cells was assessed by RT-qPCR. NSCLC cells proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Scratch healing and Transwell experiments were introduced to measure NSCLC cells migration and invasion. The effects of TPM1 overexpression on TPM1, YAP1 and EMT related proteins expression in NSCLC cells were detected by Western blot experiments. The interaction between TPM1 and YAP1 was analyzed by the HitPredict database and Co-IP assay.

Results: TPM1 expression in NSCLC was decreased. High expression of TPM1 could inhibit NSCLC cells proliferation, migration and invasion and promote apoptosis. EMT marker E-Cadherin increased in TPM1 overexpression group, while Vimentin and N-Cadherin decreased. EMT process was inhibited by TPM1 overexpression. There is a mutual binding between TPM1 and YAP1, and TPM1 could down-regulate YAP1 expression. Overexpressed YAP1 could partly counteract the inhibition of NSCLC cells proliferation and metastasis induced by TPM1 overexpression.

Conclusion: TPM1 was down-regulated in NSCLC, and its overexpression inhibited NSCLC cells proliferation and metastasis, and this was achieved by regulating YAP1. TPM1 may become a new therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Keywords: Cells proliferation; Metastasis; Non-small cell lung cancer; TPM1; YAP1.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Expression level of TPM1 in NSCLC. (A) Expression of TPM1 mRNA in NSCLC tumor tissues and normal tissues in TCGA database. (B, C, D) TPM1 mRNA and protein expression levels in NSCLC cells. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, compared with normal or BEAS-2B group
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
TPM1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of NSCLC cells. (A, B, C, D, E, F) Detection of TPM1 overexpression in NSCLC cells. (G, H) CCK⁃8 was used to detect the effect of TPM1 overexpression on the proliferation of NSCLC cells. (I, J, K, L) Apoptosis rate of NSCLC cells after TPM1 overexpression was measured by flow cytometry. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, compared with oe-NC group
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
TPM1 overexpression hampered invasion, migration and EMT of NSCLC cells. (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) The invasion and migration of NSCLC cells were inhibited by oe-TPM1. (I, J, K, L) The protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with oe-NC group
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
TPM1 interacts with YAP1. (A, B) Co-IP was used to verify whether TPM1 binds to YAP1. (C, D, E, F) Effect of TPM1 overexpression on YAP1 protein expression levels. ***P < 0.001, compared with oe-NC group
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effect of TPM1 on the growth and apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro by regulating YAP1. (A) After TPM1 and YAP1 upregulation, CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of NSCLC cells. (B, C) After TPM1 and YAP1 overexpression, detection of NSCLC cells apoptosis. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with oe-NC group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, compared with oe-TPM1 group
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Overexpression of YAP1 attenuated the ability of TPM1 overexpression on the migration, invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells. (A, B, C, D) YAP1 overexpression reversed the inhibition of NSCLC cell invasion and migration induced by TPM1 overexpression. (E, F) YAP1 overexpression reversed the effects of TPM1 overexpression on EMT markers in NSCLC cells. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, compared with oe-NC group. ##P < 0.01, ####P < 0.0001, compared with oe-TPM1 group
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