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Review
. 2025 Jun:43 Suppl 2:e70065.
doi: 10.1002/hon.70065.

Non-Clonal Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Stefan Dirnhofer  1 , Yoshito Nishimura  2 , Angela Dispenzieri  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Non-Clonal Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Stefan Dirnhofer et al. Hematol Oncol. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Castleman disease is a term that represents a spectrum of diseases whose driving factors are poorly understood. Increased interest prompted by the Castleman's Disease Collaborative Network has led to a better understanding of classification, which will lead to a better understanding of underlying pathology and best practices. It is essential that this entity be recognized and correctly classified by anatomic classification (unicentric, oligocentric, and multicentric), by histopathology (the gradient of hypervascular to plasmacytic), and by clinical phenotype (NOS, TAFRO, IPL, HHV8-associated, or POEMS-associated). Most of what we know about therapy is from retrospective studies rather than prospective therapeutic trials, but data are emerging through collaboration. The mainstay of therapy for unicentric disease is surgery. For multicentric disease interleukin-6 blockade is essential for the non-POEMS, non-HHV8 multicentric cases, rituximab-based (plus or minus antiviral) therapy for HHV8 associated cases, and IL-6 blockade versus plasma cell directed therapy for the POEMS subtype.

Keywords: Castleman disease (CD); HHV8; IgG4‐related disease; lymphoma.

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References

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