Associations between insulin resistance indices and cardiovascular disease in older adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage 0-3: The GOLD-Health cohort

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the association between eight insulin resistance (IR) indices and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and compare their predictive efficacy in older adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 0-3.

Methods: We analyzed 463,545 participants from the Guangzhou Older Longitudinal Dynamic Health (GOLD-Health) cohort. Cox proportional hazards and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models assessed associations between IR indices (triglyceride glucose [TyG], TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, lipid accumulation product [LAP], atherosclerotic index [AIP], visceral adiposity index [VAI], Chinese visceral adiposity index [CVAI]) and CVD incidence. Predictive capacity was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results: Over 1,371,009 person-years, 14,414 incident CVD cases (10.51/1000 person-years) were identified. Compared to the lowest quartiles, participants in highest quartile had an increased risk of CVD. The hazard ratios for the fourth quartile were 1.150 for TyG, 1.116 for TyG-BMI, 1.190 for TyG-WC, 1.177 for TyG-WHtR, 1.130 for LAP, 1.142 for AIP, 1.114 for VAI and 1.186 for CVAI (all P value ≤ 0.001). TyG-WC had the highest area under the curve (AUC) (0.763). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in CKM stage 3.

Conclusions: All eight IR indices can predict CVD in older adults at CKM stage 0-3, with TyG-WC showing optimal predictive performance.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease (CVD); Cardiovascular-kidney metabolic (CKM) syndrome; Insulin resistance (IR); Triglyceride glucose (TyG).