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. 2025 May 31:14:45.
doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_285_23. eCollection 2025.

Serum β-hCG, AMH, TSH, and PRL Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Early Pregnancy 14 Days after Embryo Transfer: A Prospective Cohort Study

Fatemeh Davari Tanha  1 , Azam Rasti  2 , Hamideh Pakniat  2 , Shohreh Salimi Setudeh  1 , Amir Hosseini  3 , Mohammad Amin Rahimian Ghohroodi  4
Affiliations

Serum β-hCG, AMH, TSH, and PRL Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Early Pregnancy 14 Days after Embryo Transfer: A Prospective Cohort Study

Fatemeh Davari Tanha et al. Adv Biomed Res. .

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART) are influenced by the ability of the embryos to create a pregnancy and maternal factors such as hormone levels to maintain and develop the pregnancy. This study investigated the role of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) in predicting pregnancy outcomes and determined cutoff values in women undergoing ARTs.

Materials and methods: This prospective study included 153 women who underwent infertility treatment in the Department of Reproductive Medicine of the Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran). Serum β-hCG level on day 14 after embryo transfer and serum AMH, TSH, and PRL were measured. Patients with β-hCG levels >25 mIU/ml were included in the study. Finally, any statistically significant relationships between these serum values and clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were investigated. To predict pregnancy outcomes with β-hCG levels, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to estimate the β-hCG cutoff values.

Results: Serum β-hCG levels were significantly higher in live-birth patients than in other patients. The β-hCG cutoff value for live births was 830 mIU/ml, with an AUC of 0.5920, sensitivity of 61.04%, and specificity of 56.58%. Serum AMH, TSH, and PRL levels did not show any significant results.

Conclusions: Serum β-hCG levels on day 14 after embryo transfer can be used to predict the probability of live birth in patients undergoing infertility treatment.

Keywords: Embryo transfer; human chorionic-gonadotropin; pregnancy outcomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Statistical comparison of β-HCG levels (a) in cases with and without clinical pregnancy, (b) in clinical pregnancy cases with and without live birth, and (c) in cases with and without live birth
Figure 2
Figure 2
Statistical comparison of (a) age, (b) AMH levels, (c) BMI, (d) prolactin levels, and (e) TSH levels in cases with and without live birth
Figure 3
Figure 3
Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of β-hCG (a) in cases of clinical pregnancy with or without of live birth and (b) in cases with or without of live birth
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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