Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 May 16;22(11):2596-2608.
doi: 10.7150/ijms.111723. eCollection 2025.

The interaction network between intestinal flora and cell death in microecosystem of pan-cancers

Yuhan Zhang  1 , Cenzhu Wang  1 , Tingyan Ruan  1 , Shuai Liang  1 , Huning Jiang  1 , Xi Wu  1 , Rui Hou  1 , Hanfang Fan  1 , Huiyu Wang  1 , Junli Ding  1 , Junying Xu  1
Affiliations
Review

The interaction network between intestinal flora and cell death in microecosystem of pan-cancers

Yuhan Zhang et al. Int J Med Sci. .

Abstract

The human intestinal floras play an important role in human microecosystem, accounting for more than 1,500 species and consisting of beneficial, harmful and neutral bacteria, which take part in regulating the progression of various malignant tumors. Meanwhile, the cell death is a physiological process maintaining biological development and internal environmental homeostasis, including cuproptosis, ferroptosis, disulfidptosis, immunogenic cell death, necroptosis, anoikis, autophagy, pyroptosis and so on. A variety of cell deaths and their related genes have been reported to regulate many malignant tumors. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding the interaction network between intestinal flora and cell death in microecosystem of various malignant tumors. However, this interaction network is still not fully understood and requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the potential mechanism network between intestinal flora and cell death in pan-cancers, with the hope that this research could bring a novel insight for the prevention and treatment of tumors.

Keywords: cell death; interaction network.; intestinal flora; microecosystem; pan-cancers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The interaction network between intestinal flora and ferroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, pyroptosis in pan-cancers. The intestinal floras were associated with ferroptosis in both digestive tumors and non-digestive tumors. Meanwhile, the intestinal floras were related with cuproptosis, disulfidptosis and pyroptosis in mainly digestive tumors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The interaction network between intestinal flora and immunogenic cell death, necroptosis in pan-cancers. The intestinal floras were associated with immunogenic cell death in both digestive tumors and non-digestive tumors while the intestinal floras were related with necroptosis in mainly digestive tumors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The interaction network between intestinal flora and anoikis, autophagy in pan-cancers. The intestinal floras were associated with anoikis in both digestive tumors and non-digestive tumors while the intestinal floras were related with autophagy in mainly digestive tumors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. He Z, Gharaibeh RZ, Newsome RC. et al. Campylobacter Jejuni Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis through the Action of Cytolethal Distending Toxin. Gut. 2019;68:289–300. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bell HN, Rebernick RJ, Singhal R. et al. Reuterin in the Healthy Gut Microbiome Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Growth through Altering Redox Balance. Cancer cell. 2022;40:185–200.e6. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sha S, Si L, Wu X. et al. Prognostic Analysis of Cuproptosis-Related Gene in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Frontiers in immunology. 2022;13:13. 922780. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhou Z, He H, Wang K. et al. Granzyme A from Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Cleaves GSDMB to Trigger Pyroptosis in Target Cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2020;368:eaaz7548. - PubMed
    1. Pan X, Zhang X, Sun H. et al. Autophagy Inhibition Promotes 5-Fluorouraci-Induced Apoptosis by Stimulating ROS Formation in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. PloS one. 2013;8:e56679. - PMC - PubMed