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Review
. 2025 May 16;22(11):2596-2608.
doi: 10.7150/ijms.111723. eCollection 2025.

The interaction network between intestinal flora and cell death in microecosystem of pan-cancers

Yuhan Zhang  1 , Cenzhu Wang  1 , Tingyan Ruan  1 , Shuai Liang  1 , Huning Jiang  1 , Xi Wu  1 , Rui Hou  1 , Hanfang Fan  1 , Huiyu Wang  1 , Junli Ding  1 , Junying Xu  1
Affiliations
Review

The interaction network between intestinal flora and cell death in microecosystem of pan-cancers

Yuhan Zhang et al. Int J Med Sci. .

Abstract

The human intestinal floras play an important role in human microecosystem, accounting for more than 1,500 species and consisting of beneficial, harmful and neutral bacteria, which take part in regulating the progression of various malignant tumors. Meanwhile, the cell death is a physiological process maintaining biological development and internal environmental homeostasis, including cuproptosis, ferroptosis, disulfidptosis, immunogenic cell death, necroptosis, anoikis, autophagy, pyroptosis and so on. A variety of cell deaths and their related genes have been reported to regulate many malignant tumors. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding the interaction network between intestinal flora and cell death in microecosystem of various malignant tumors. However, this interaction network is still not fully understood and requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the potential mechanism network between intestinal flora and cell death in pan-cancers, with the hope that this research could bring a novel insight for the prevention and treatment of tumors.

Keywords: cell death; interaction network.; intestinal flora; microecosystem; pan-cancers.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The interaction network between intestinal flora and ferroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, pyroptosis in pan-cancers. The intestinal floras were associated with ferroptosis in both digestive tumors and non-digestive tumors. Meanwhile, the intestinal floras were related with cuproptosis, disulfidptosis and pyroptosis in mainly digestive tumors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The interaction network between intestinal flora and immunogenic cell death, necroptosis in pan-cancers. The intestinal floras were associated with immunogenic cell death in both digestive tumors and non-digestive tumors while the intestinal floras were related with necroptosis in mainly digestive tumors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The interaction network between intestinal flora and anoikis, autophagy in pan-cancers. The intestinal floras were associated with anoikis in both digestive tumors and non-digestive tumors while the intestinal floras were related with autophagy in mainly digestive tumors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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