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Review
. 2025 May 23:19:e18.
doi: 10.15420/icr.2024.30. eCollection 2025.

Sex Differences in Heart Failure: A Step Forward

Sachintha Wijesinghe  1 , Marie-Luise Dikou  1 , Ioannis Kasouridis  2 , Francois Deharo  1 , Curtis Page  1 , Sharon Olubakin  1 , Edoardo Zancanaro  3 , Aditya Bhalla  1 , Camelia Demetrescu  1 , Ritu Thamman  4 , Julia Grapsa  1   5 , Ali Vazir  2
Affiliations
Review

Sex Differences in Heart Failure: A Step Forward

Sachintha Wijesinghe et al. Interv Cardiol. .

Abstract

Heart failure is a life-threatening condition that affects women and men differently. Due to increases in mean patient age, heart failure prevalence and mortality rates are expected to increase rapidly. Heart failure is characterised as a syndrome leading to a high burden of disease for the individual patient and increased healthcare costs for society related to rehospitalisation. This review highlights sex differences across the entire spectrum of heart failure.

Keywords: Heart failure; echocardiography; imaging; sex differences.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Sex Differences in the Clinical Presentation and Biomarkers of Heart Failure
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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