[Progress in clinicopathological diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders]

Abstract

As the field of oral pathology has evolved, the nomenclature and classification of oral mucosal diseases with a remarkable risk of malignant transformation have undergone several modifications. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) as an alternative to the terms for oral precancerous lesions and precancerous conditions. In the consensus report by the WHO Collaborating Center for Oral Cancer of 2021, OPMD is defined as "any oral mucosal abnormality that is associated with a statistically increased risk of developing oral cancer."This definition encompasses a range of conditions, in-cluding oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and other lesions. In light of the complex etiology, unclear pathogenesis, and carcinogenesis of OPMDs, early and precise diagnosis and treatment can contribute to the secondary prevention of oral cancer. For this reason, this review, which aims to provide a basis for the precise clinical diagnosis of OPMDs, was performed. Its aim was achieved by reviewing the historical evolution and research progress of the nomenclature, classification, and histopathological diagnostic criteria of OPMDs.

Keywords: oral leukoplakia; oral lichen planus; oral potentially malignant disorders; oral submucous fibrosis; proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.

图 1

口腔白斑 HE染色 ×100 Fig 1 Oral leukoplakia HE staining ×100 A：上皮单纯增生；B：上皮轻度异常增生；C：上皮中度异常增生；D：上皮重度异常增生。

图 2

口腔黏膜下纤维性变 HE染色 Fig 2 Oral submucous fibrosis HE staining A：×100；B：×200。

图 3

增殖性疣状白斑 HE染色 Fig 3 Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia HE staining A：×40；B：×100。

图4

口腔扁平苔藓 HE染色 Fig 4 Oral lichen planus HE staining A：×100；B：×200。