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. 2025 Dec;57(1):2519676.
doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2519676. Epub 2025 Jun 16.

The effects of a nurse-led HAPA-based discharge planning on post-operative outcomes in urolithiasis patients with double-J stents: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Jiangtao OuYang  1 , Jia Li  1 , Bin Wang  2 , Jiali Wu  1 , Jing Chen  1 , Xujuan Zheng  3
Affiliations

The effects of a nurse-led HAPA-based discharge planning on post-operative outcomes in urolithiasis patients with double-J stents: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Jiangtao OuYang et al. Ann Med. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with urolithiasis undergoing double-J stent placement often face challenges during the post-operative period, including insufficient discharge preparedness and difficulties in self-management. Discharge planning can assist patients during this critical period. However, the effects of delivering a nurse-led discharge planning program remain under-studied. This study aims to apply the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model to develop and evaluate a nurse-led discharge planning intervention.

Aim: This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of a nurse-led, HAPA-based discharge planning intervention in improving discharge preparedness, self-management behaviors, and quality of life in patients undergoing double-J stent placement for urolithiasis.

Methods: A total of 86 patients with urolithiasis undergoing double-J stent placement will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (HAPA-based discharge planning + usual care planning) or the control group (usual care planning). The intervention consists of four phases: assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation, delivered during hospitalization, with a 30-day follow-up post-discharge. Primary outcomes include discharge readiness, self-management ability, and quality of life, which will be assessed at baseline, discharge, and 7 and 30 days post-discharge. Secondary outcomes include complications following double-J stent placement and unplanned healthcare service utilization rate.

Discussion: The results of this study will provide empirical evidence supporting the application of the HAPA model in post-operative discharge planning for urolithiasis patients. If successful, this intervention could lead to significant improvements in self-management behaviors, reduce complications and unplanned healthcare service utilization rates, and ultimately enhance the quality of life for these patients.

Trial registration number: Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400093503).

Version identifier: Version 1.0, 2024-11-07.

Keywords: Health Action Process Approach; Public health; discharge planning; double-J tube; protocols; randomised controlled trial (RCT); readiness for discharge; self-management; urolithiasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The consolidated standards of reporting trials flowchart.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The HAPA model of this study.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The process of developing the plan.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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