Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jun 9:2025:5182716.
doi: 10.1155/tswj/5182716. eCollection 2025.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments Incorporated With Nanoparticles in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study

Azra Kaukab  1 , Sridhar Nekkanti  1
Affiliations

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments Incorporated With Nanoparticles in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study

Azra Kaukab et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

Placing an intracanal medicament helps in the disinfection of primary root canals, and nanoparticles enhance the material properties by increasing the physical and chemical reactivity. The study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of calcium hydroxide+calcium hydroxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide+zinc oxide nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament when compared with calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol in terms of antibacterial efficacy and penetration depth. Forty extracted human primary teeth were included in the study. Of these, 40 teeth were divided into two subgroups-Group A (to assess antibacterial efficacy) and Group B (to assess penetration depth). The teeth in Group A were contaminated with an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm for 7 days, and CFU count was determined. Calcium hydroxide (A1), calcium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (A2), zinc oxide with zinc oxide nanoparticles (A3), and zinc oxide eugenol (A4) were placed in the canals. CFU count was determined on Day 7 and Day 14. The teeth in Group B were also divided into calcium hydroxide (B1), calcium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (B2), zinc oxide with zinc oxide nanoparticles (B3), and zinc oxide eugenol (B4) groups. Two teeth from each group were subjected to SEM analysis. A statistically significant difference was noted in the CFU count reduction on Day 7 in Group A2, Group A3, and Group A4. The highest penetration depth was noted in Group B2. The authors concluded that the antibacterial efficacy and penetration depth into dentin improved on incorporating calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Based on this conclusion, the authors recommend further in vivo studies with nanoparticles incorporated intracanal medicaments in primary teeth to determine their safety of use and feasibility in a clinical scenario.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM image depicting particle density—Group B1: calcium hydroxide.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM image depicting particle density—Group B2: calcium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM image depicting particle density—Group B3: zinc oxide eugenol.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM image depicting particle density—Group B4: zinc oxide with zinc oxide nanoparticles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Pulp Therapy for Primary and Immature Permanent Teeth. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry . American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2021.
    1. Lele G. S., Reddy V. S. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments in Multiple Visit Pulpectomies in Primary Molars-An In Vivo Study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry . 2010;28(1):18–24. doi: 10.4103/0970-4388.60482. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zand V., Mokhtari H., Hasani A., Jabbari G. Comparison of the Penetration Depth of Conventional and Nano-Particle Calcium Hydroxide Into Dentinal Tubules. Iranian Endodontic Journal . 2017;12(3):366–370. doi: 10.22037/iej.v12i3.16421. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Raura N., Garg A., Arora A., Roma M. Nanoparticle Technology and Its Implications in Endodontics: A Review. Biomaterials Research . 2020;24(1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s40824-020-00198-z. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sirelkhatim A., Mahmud S., Seeni A., et al. Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism. Nano-Micro Letters . 2015;7(3):219–242. doi: 10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources