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Review
. 2025 May 15;17(5):e84177.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.84177. eCollection 2025 May.

Digital Diabetes Management Technologies for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Home-Based Care Interventions

Bassel Abdul Latif El Ejel  1 , Saba Sattar  2 , Syeda Bisma Fatima  3 , Hadequa Noor Khan  4 , Husnain Ali  5 , Abdullah Iftikhar  6 , Muhammad Asad Sarwer  6 , Minahill Mushtaq  7
Affiliations
Review

Digital Diabetes Management Technologies for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Home-Based Care Interventions

Bassel Abdul Latif El Ejel et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Digital diabetes management technologies (DDMTs) have emerged as promising tools for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving home-based care. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of various DDMTs, including mobile health applications, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), telemedicine, smart insulin pens, and artificial intelligence-driven decision support systems, in optimizing blood glucose levels. A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library identified nine high-quality systematic reviews published between 2020 and 2024. These reviews synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, with sample sizes ranging from small pilot studies to large-scale trials. The findings indicate that DDMTs significantly improve HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose, and postprandial glucose compared to standard self-care practices. Mobile applications and CGM systems demonstrated notable reductions in HbA1c, while telemedicine interventions enhanced patient adherence and engagement. Personalized coaching and real-time feedback were key factors in intervention success. However, challenges such as digital health literacy, cost barriers, and long-term adherence remain concerns. Some studies highlighted the need for sustained engagement to maintain long-term benefits. While DDMTs offer a viable alternative to traditional diabetes management, future research should focus on standardizing interventions, addressing accessibility issues, and evaluating their cost-effectiveness. This review contributes to the growing evidence supporting DDMTs in T2DM management and underscores the potential of digital health innovations in improving glycemic outcomes and patient self-care in home settings.

Keywords: diabetes; digital technology; mhealth; self-management; telemedicine; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. PRISMA diagram illustrating the study selection process.
PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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