Association between low Bispectral Index™ values during anesthesia maintenance and one-year mortality in older patients with different comorbidities: a retrospective cohort study
- PMID: 40528134
- DOI: 10.1007/s12630-025-02995-3
Association between low Bispectral Index™ values during anesthesia maintenance and one-year mortality in older patients with different comorbidities: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the duration of low Bispectral Index™ (BIS™) values and 1-year mortality in older patients, particularly in those with different comorbidities.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5,927 older patients (≥ 65 yr of age) who underwent elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia with BIS monitoring between February 2015 and February 2022. We used univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to explore the associations between the cumulative duration of BIS values < 40 and postoperative 1-year mortality. We performed exploratory subgroup and interaction analyses to investigate whether any association with outcome differed in patients with multimorbidity as assessed by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).
Results: We included 5,927 patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 71 (5) yr. Among them, 2,234 (38%) patients with multimorbidity had a CCI ≥ 3, and 3,693 (62%) had CCI < 3. Postoperatively, 588/5,927 (10%) patients died within 1 year. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the cumulative duration of BIS < 40 was not significantly associated with 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.15; P = 0.08); this association remained stable among patients with multimorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.16).
Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort study of 5,927 older patients, the cumulative duration of BIS < 40 was not significantly associated with 1-year mortality, especially in patients with multimorbidity.
RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Notre objectif était d’étudier la corrélation entre la durée de faibles valeurs d’indice bispectral™ (BIS™) et la mortalité à 1 an chez la patientèle âgée, en particulier chez les personnes présentant différentes comorbidités. MéTHODE: Nous avons mené une étude de cohorte rétrospective auprès de 5927 personnes âgées (≥ 65 ans) qui ont bénéficié d’une chirurgie non cardiaque non urgente sous anesthésie générale avec surveillance du BIS entre février 2015 et février 2022. Nous avons utilisé des modèles à risque proportionnel de Cox univariables et multivariables pour explorer les associations entre la durée cumulée de valeurs de BIS < 40 et la mortalité postopératoire à 1 an. Nous avons réalisé des analyses exploratoires de sous-groupe et d’interaction afin de déterminer si une association avec le devenir différait chez les personnes atteintes de multimorbidité telle qu’évaluée par l'Indice de comorbidité de Charlson (CCI). RéSULTATS: Nous avons inclus 5927 personnes bénéficiant d’une chirurgie non cardiaque non urgente, avec un âge moyen (écart type [ET]) de 71 (5) ans. Parmi celles-ci, 2234 (38 %) individus atteints de multimorbidité avait un CCI ≥ 3, et 3693 (62 %) avaient un CCI < 3. En période postopératoire, 588/5927 (10 %) personnes sont décédées dans un délai d’un an. Après ajustement pour tenir compte des covariables, l’analyse multivariée des risques proportionnels de Cox a montré que la durée cumulative d’un BIS < 40 n’était pas significativement associée à la mortalité à 1 an (rapport de risque ajusté, 1,07; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 0,99 à 1,15; P = 0,08); cette association est restée stable chez les personnes atteintes de multimorbidité (rapport de risque ajusté, 1,06; IC 95 %, 0,96 à 1,16). CONCLUSION: Dans cette étude de cohorte rétrospective portant sur 5927 personnes âgées, la durée cumulée de BIS < 40 n’était pas significativement associée à la mortalité à 1 an, en particulier chez les individus atteints de multimorbidité.
Keywords: Bispectral Index™; depth of anesthesia; geriatric; mortality; multimorbidity; noncardiac surgery.
© 2025. Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society.
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