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. 2025 Jun 2:6:1539527.
doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1539527. eCollection 2025.

The effects of a carbonated beverage on the optical properties and microhardness of preheated bulk-fill composite resin restorations

Nancy Soliman Farghal  1   2 , Ayya Abu Shamleh  1 , Osamah Al Hurmuzi  1 , Okba Mahmoud  3   4
Affiliations

The effects of a carbonated beverage on the optical properties and microhardness of preheated bulk-fill composite resin restorations

Nancy Soliman Farghal et al. Front Oral Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Preheating the high-viscosity forms of bulk-fill resin composites is recommended to enhance their flow and adaptability. Nevertheless, the impact of preheating on their characteristics upon exposure to carbonated beverages remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a Cola beverage on the properties of preheated and non-preheated high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resins in vitro.

Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens were prepared from each of BEAUTIFIL-Bulk Restorative (BB) and Filtek One Bulk-fill (FOB) composite resin, then divided into two groups (n = 20), either preheated to 68°C for 15 min or kept at room temperature before polymerization, then specimens were immersed in Alkozay Cola beverage for 30 days (3 periods of 15 min/day). Color stability (ΔE00), surface gloss (GU) and Vickers Microhardness (VHN) were recorded before and after the Cola immersion. The data was analyzed with Two-way ANOVA, Three-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test using SPSS software at 95% significance level.

Results: The color change was significantly higher in BB than FOB in all groups (P < 0:001), FOB had a significant reduction in color change after preheating (P < 0.05) while BB had no significant change (P > 0.05). Preheating significantly increased the gloss of BB and reduced that of FOB (P < 0.001), however, Cola beverage significantly reduced the gloss of all the groups (P < 0.001). Preheating significantly increased the microhardness of both materials (P < 0.001), however, Cola beverage significantly reduced the microhardness of all the groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Although the preheating of high-viscosity bulk-fill composites significantly improved their microhardness and improved the surface gloss of FOB, it did not protect both composites against the Cola drink attack. Preheated FOB showed improved color stability after the Cola immersion, but not to a clinically acceptable limit.

Keywords: acidic drink; bulk-fill composite; carbonated beverage; color stability; giomer; gloss; microhardness; preheated composite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The experimental study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bar chart showing the color stability (ΔE00) after Cola immersion of the tested materials, P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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