Impact of clinical pharmacist video-based education on self-care and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes: A pre-post interventional study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes affects various body systems, increasing the risk of complications.

Objectives: This study assessed the impact of clinical pharmacist-associated education on diabetes self-care practices and glycemic control in Sudanese individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Design and methods: This quasi-experimental study with no control group recruited 110 adults with T2DM from a diabetes clinic over 12 months using simple random sampling. We collected data through interviews and calls. Participants received 12 educational videos covering diabetes management. The intervention was video-based and delivered over 5 months. We analyzed data using SPSS version 28.

Results: The mean age of participants was 56.2 ± 10.3 years. Self-care practices significantly improved over time. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels decreased by 16.7 mg/dL at 6 months (p = 0.009) and 41.9 mg/dL at 12 months (p < 0.001). Two-hour postprandial glucose levels dropped by 18.7 mg/dL at 6 months (p = 0.006) and 61.8 mg/dL at 12 months (p < 0.001). HbA1c levels decreased by 1 % at6 months (p < 0.001) and 1.9 % at 12 months (p < 0.001). The effect size (Cohen's d) was increased from 0.26 at 6 months to 0.74 at 12 months. Similarly, it was increased for 2hrsPPG from 0.2 at 6 months to 0.74 at 12 months. For HbA1c, it was increased from 0.62 at 6 months to 1.25 at 12 months, indicating clinically meaningful improvement in long-term glycemic control following the pharmacist intervention. LDL decreased by 9.2 mg/dL at 12 months (p < 0.001), and HDL increased by 5.5 mg/dL at 12 months (p = 0.002). Changes in BUN and serum creatinine were insignificant.

Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist education improved diabetes self-care practices and metabolic outcomes, including glycemic control and lipid profiles, demonstrating its role in achieving therapeutic goals for patients with T2DM.

Keywords: Clinical pharmacist; Diabetes control; Education; Glycemic parameters; Self-care practices.

Fig. 1

Flow of participants through each stage of the study.

Fig. 2

Comparison of the mean (SD) of FBG and 2hrsPPG at baseline, 6 month months and 12 month of the study. FBG: fasting blood glucose, 2hrsPPG: 2 h postprandial glucose. SD: standard deviation. p < 0.009 at 6 months, and p < 0.001 at 12 months.

Fig. 3

Comparison of the mean (SD) of HbA1c at baseline, 6 month months and 12 month of the study, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, SD: standard deviation. p < 0.001 at 6 and 12 months.

Fig. 4

Comparison of the lipid parameters at baseline and 12 month of the study. LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, TG: triglyceride level, TC: total cholesterol, SD: standard deviation. p < 0.001 at 12 months.