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. 2025 Jun 9:118:225-244.
doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.118.141080. eCollection 2025.

Morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and toxin analysis reveal two new species of Amanita section Amanita (Amanitaceae) from China

Yu-Ting Su  1   2 , Fei Xu  3 , Ping Zhang  2 , Peng-Tao Deng  2 , Meng-Meng Lai  2 , Zuo-Hong Chen  2
Affiliations

Morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and toxin analysis reveal two new species of Amanita section Amanita (Amanitaceae) from China

Yu-Ting Su et al. MycoKeys. .

Abstract

Globally, many species of Amanitasect.Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) cause poisoning after consumption. Amanitaflavomelleiceps sp. nov. and Amanitaparvisychnopyramis sp. nov., two new species of A.sectionAmanita from China, are described here. Morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on five genes (ITS, nrLSU, RPB2, TEF1-α, and TUB2) revealed these two taxa as distinct species. Amanitaflavomelleiceps sp. nov. is characterized by a yellowish-to-yellow pileus covered by verrucose volval remnants; a subglobose basal bulb with shortly limbate; subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid basidiospores. Amanitaparvisychnopyramis sp. nov. is characterized by a brownish pileus covered by subconical volval remnants; an ovate basal bulb with a cream limbate; and subglobose-to-broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid basidiospores. Screening for the most notorious toxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed the presence of ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS) in A.parvisychnopyramis and the absence of these toxins in A.flavomelleiceps.

Keywords: Ibotenic acid; morphology; muscimol; taxonomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Phylogenetic tree inferred from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on the nrLSU regions. Bootstrap values over 50% are reported on the branches. Species names in red color indicate new species.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic tree inferred from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on the ITS regions. Bootstrap values over 50% are reported on the branches. Species names in red color indicate new species.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Phylogenetic tree inferred from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on the combined dataset (ITS, nrLSU, RPB2, TEF1-α, and TUB2). Bootstrap values over 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities over 0.90 are reported on the branches. Species names in red color indicate new species.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Fresh basidiomata of Amanitaflavomelleiceps (MHHNU 33119). Scale bar: 2 cm.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Microscopic features of Amanitaflavomelleiceps (MHHNU 33119) a hymenium and subhymenium b basidiospores c longitudinal section of volval remnants on pileus. Scale bar: 20 μm (a); 10 μm (b); 40 μm (c).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Fresh basidiomata of Amanitaparvisychnopyramis (MHHNU 32953). Scale bar: 2 cm.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Microscopic features of Amanitaparvisychnopyramis (MHHNU 32953) a hymenium and subhymenium b basidiospores c longitudinal section of volval remnants on pileus. Scale bar: 20 μm (a); 10 μm (b); 40 μm (c).
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms of ibotenic acid and muscimol in A.parvisychnopyramis.
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