[GASTROCNEMIUS RUPTURE - DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT]

Abstract

Gastrocnemius muscle ruptures are frequent in both recreational and competitive athletes. The superficial posterior compartment of the leg includes the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and a tear can occur in either one of them or both. Gastrocnemius injuries usually occur in young adult male athletes in their 40s. Moreover, they are common in sport involving eccentric lower extremity movements such as football, basketball, and tennis. Injuries are more common in athletes who have not warmed up adequately or are fatigued. The diagnosis is based on the patient's history and physical examination. Patients will complain of pain, swelling, difficulty to flex the ankle joint, Furthermore, patients will usually have difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg. Imaging is rarely needed for diagnosing a gastrocnemius muscle rupture, although ultrasound may be helpful to weigh the severity of the injury and to monitor recovery. Conservative treatment will include rest, anti-inflammatory drugs, lifestyle modifications, cooling regimens and physical therapy. Surgical treatment is rarely indicated and can be suggested for the treatment of the complete rupture, patients with prolonged (4-6 months) pain and large intramuscular hematomas that might impair clinical progress. An acute complication is a compartment syndrome which is an indication for urgent surgery.