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. 2025 Jul;21(3):343-345.
doi: 10.1007/s13181-025-01083-8. Epub 2025 Jun 18.

Biostatistics and Epidemiology for the Toxicologist: Miscellaneous Bias - Confirmation, Non-Response, Survivorship, and Selection

Alexandra Ortego  1 , Sanjay Mohan  2 , Mark K Su  3
Affiliations

Biostatistics and Epidemiology for the Toxicologist: Miscellaneous Bias - Confirmation, Non-Response, Survivorship, and Selection

Alexandra Ortego et al. J Med Toxicol. 2025 Jul.
No abstract available

Keywords: Bias; Confirmation bias; Non-response bias; Selection bias; Survivorship bias.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflicts of Interest: None Sources of Funding: None

References

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    1. Groves RM, Peytcheva E. The impact of nonresponse rates on nonresponse bias: a meta-analysis. Public Opin Q. 2008;72(2):167–89.
    1. Mohan S, Perlman E, Su MK. Biostatistics and Epidemiology for the Toxicologist: Types of Information Bias (Part II). J Med Toxicol. 2025;21(2):287–9. - PMC - PubMed

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