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Review
. 2025 Jun 17;20(1):20221026.
doi: 10.1515/biol-2022-1026. eCollection 2025.

Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines

Jingfeng Ma  1 , Xiaotong Tan  1 , Juling Feng  2 , Zhihui Li  1 , Shuo Tan  1 , Boling Li  1 , Lei Zhao  1
Affiliations
Review

Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines

Jingfeng Ma et al. Open Life Sci. .

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Chemokines are a class of proteins that possess characteristics of both chemoattractants and cytokines. They play a pivotal role in CVD by regulating the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing inflammatory responses. These proteins are crucial for maintaining cardiac function and for managing myocardial cell damage under various stress conditions. Autophagy, a vital intracellular degradation mechanism, is essential for clearing misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, thus promoting cell survival during starvation and other stress conditions. A substantial body of research indicates that chemokines can modulate the development of CVD by influencing the autophagy process. Research has shown that targeting pathways such as CXCR4 and CXCL12, defective CXCL16/CXCR6, and inhibiting CX3CL1 can regulate autophagy and impact CVD. The protective role of chemokines in CVD through the modulation of autophagy may offer new perspectives for treatment.

Keywords: CX3CL1; CXCL16/CXCR6; CXCR4/CXCL12; autophagy; cardiovascular diseases; chemokines.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Autophagy signaling pathway diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemokines regulate autophagy to improve cardiac injury.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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