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. 2025 Jun 4:16:1554594.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1554594. eCollection 2025.

Translation and validation of the polish version of the self-reported postural awareness scale in an adult sample

Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska  1 , Katarzyna Wódka  1 , Aneta Grochowska #  1 , Anna Stefanowicz-Kocoł #  1 , Mirela-Ioana Bilc #  2 , Dennis Anheyer #  2 , Urszula Kozioł  1 , Holger Cramer  2 , Adam Sagan  3
Affiliations

Translation and validation of the polish version of the self-reported postural awareness scale in an adult sample

Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Body awareness has gained increasing attention in research as a crucial link between psychological and somatic processes, offering tangible benefits for physical health and well-being. This study aimed to validate and culturally adapt the Polish version of the Postural Awareness Scale (PAS) in adults aged 20-70.

Methods: The relationships between the two PAS subscales: Ease/Familiarity with Postural Awareness and Need for Attention Regulation with Postural Awareness, and chronic stress levels (measured by the Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10), as well as gender, age, and family status (individuals in permanent relationships versus singles), were explored. The factor structure was tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results and discussion: A total of 333 healthy participants (mean age: 36.74 ± 19.7 years; 76% female) completed the study. Cultural adaptation of the PAS required the removal of one item, resulting in an 11-item Polish version with strong internal consistency (Crohnbach's α: 0.80-0.82) and psychometric properties comparable to the original German version. Multi-group analyses confirmed metric equivalence of the scale across age, gender, and family status. A negative correlation was observed between PAS scores and perceived stress (PSS-10), while no significant associations were found with gender or family status. Older participants exhibited higher scores on the Ease/Familiarity with Postural Awareness subscale. These findings suggest that the Polish version of the PAS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing postural awareness in diverse adult populations, with potential applications in research and clinical practice.

Keywords: body awareness; body posture; body sensations; mindfulness; perceived stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted without any relationships that could potentially create a conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Procedure of the translation and validation process. PAS, postural awareness scale; PSS-10, perceived stress scale 10-item version.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Standardized estimations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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