Retraction notice to "Analyzing the influence of total petroleum stocks and entitlement programs on sustainable development policy formulation in the United States" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e20415]

Affiliations

¹ College of International Economics and Trade, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China.
² College of Graduate Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies, Muckleneuk Campus, University of South Africa, Pretoria, 0003, South Africa.
³ Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Cyprus International University, 99040, Nicosia, Turkey.
⁴ Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁵ Tashkent State University of Economics, Department of Finance, Doctor of Science in Economics, Uzbekistan.

Xuan Liu et al. Heliyon. 2025.

. 2025 Mar 25;11(9):e43259.

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43259. eCollection 2025 Apr.

¹ College of International Economics and Trade, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China.
² College of Graduate Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies, Muckleneuk Campus, University of South Africa, Pretoria, 0003, South Africa.
³ Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Cyprus International University, 99040, Nicosia, Turkey.
⁴ Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁵ Tashkent State University of Economics, Department of Finance, Doctor of Science in Economics, Uzbekistan.

Abstract

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20415.].

Analyzing the influence of total petroleum stocks and entitlement programs on sustainable development policy formulation in the United States.
Liu X, Uhunamure SE, Adebayo TS, Shale K, Khudoykulov K. Liu X, et al. Heliyon. 2023 Sep 26;9(10):e20415. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20415. eCollection 2023 Oct. Heliyon. 2023. Retraction in: Heliyon. 2025 Mar 25;11(9):e43259. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43259. PMID: 37780785 Free PMC article. Retracted.