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. 2025 Sep 1;34(9):658-668.
doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002606. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

Relationship of 24-2C Central Visual Field Damage to Juxtapapillary Choriocapillaris Dropout in Glaucoma Eyes With or Without Axial Myopia

Anuwat Jiravarnsirikul  1   2 , Akram Belghith  1 , Jasmin Rezapour  1   3 , Eleonora Micheletti  1   4 , Takashi Nishida  1 , Sasan Moghimi  1 , Min Hee Suh  1   5 , Jost B Jonas  6   7 , Evan Walker  1 , Mark Christopher  1 , Massimo A Fazio  8 , Robert N Weinreb  1 , Linda M Zangwill  1
Affiliations

Relationship of 24-2C Central Visual Field Damage to Juxtapapillary Choriocapillaris Dropout in Glaucoma Eyes With or Without Axial Myopia

Anuwat Jiravarnsirikul et al. J Glaucoma. .

Abstract

Prcis: Larger choriocapillaris microvasculature dropout area and wider angular circumference are significantly associated with 24-2C central visual field damage in primary open angle glaucoma eyes with and without axial myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between a juxtapapillary choriocapillaris microvasculature dropout (MvD) and central visual field (VF) damage in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with or without axial myopia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 125 patients with POAG or glaucoma suspects stratified into no axial myopia (axial length (AL) ≤24 mm; 46 eyes), mild axial myopia (24 mm < AL ≤26 mm; 81 eyes), and high axial myopia (AL >26 mm; 59 eyes). Presence, area, and angular circumference of juxtapapillary MvD were evaluated on OCT-A en-face choroidal images and B-scans. Perimetry was conducted using the 24-2C and 10-2 Humphrey program.

Results: Mean 24-2C VF mean deviation was significantly worse in eyes with MvD compared with eyes without MvD across all groups (all P <0.042). Central VF defects detected in the 24-2C and 10-2 VF tests were significantly more prevalent among eyes with MvD (68.3% and 81.7%, respectively) compared with eyes without MvD (19.0% and 38.1%, respectively) ( P <0.001) in the mild axial myopia group. In multivariable analysis, larger MvD area ( P =0.014) and wider MvD angular circumference ( P =0.006) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of the presence of 24-2C central VF damage in overall cohort.

Conclusions: MvD area and angular circumference are significantly associated with central VF damage detected by VF 24-2C in POAG eyes with and without axial myopia. Choriocapillaris MvD assessment shows promise for identifying POAG patients with a higher risk of having central VF defects and may provide clinical insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma in myopia.

Keywords: choriocapillaris microvasculature dropout; glaucoma; myopia; optical coherence tomography angiography; visual field.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: J.R. Heidelberg Engineering, Santen, Bausch & Lomb, Research Fellowship Grant (RE4155/1-1) of the German Research Foundation (DFG); T.N. C: Topcon Healthcare Inc.; J.B.J. European patent EP 3 271 392, JP 2021-119187, and US 2021 0340237 A1: “Agents for use in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of myopia or hyperopia”;—European patent application 23196899.1 “EGFR Antagonists for the treatment of diseases involving unwanted migration, proliferation, and metaplasia of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells”; M.C. AISight Health; NEI, The Glaucoma Foundation; M.A.F. National Eye Institute, Heidelberg Engineering, GmbH, Topcon Healthcare Inc.; R.N.W.: Grant: National Eye Institute, National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Research to Prevent Blindness; Consultant: Abbvie, Alcon, Amydis, Balance, Editas, Eyenovia, Iantrek, Implandata, iSTAR Medical, Nicox, TenPoint, Toku, Topcon Healthcare Inc.; Research instruments: Centervue; co-founder and equity holder of Toromedes; L.M.Z. has received grants from The Glaucoma Foundation, The National Institutes of Health, The National Eye Institute; grants and nonfinancial support from Heidelberg Engineering; nonfinancial support (equipment) from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Optovue, Icare, Optomed and Topcon Healthcare Inc.; and consulting fees from AbbVie and Topcon Healthcare Inc..Inc. Dr Zangwill is co-founder, inventor, board member and equity holder of AISight Health Inc. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

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