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. 2025 Jun 19;19(1):170.
doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01543-w.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of phosphate-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles as promising candidates for therapeutic applications

Wael M Aboulthana  1 , Sahar M Mousa  2 , Gehan T El-Bassyouni  3 , Esmat M A Hamzawy  4 , Amal G Hussien  5 , M Eltohamy  4
Affiliations

Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of phosphate-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles as promising candidates for therapeutic applications

Wael M Aboulthana et al. BMC Chem. .

Abstract

This research focuses on synthesizing bioactive glass nanoparticles with different phosphate concentrations to evaluate their physicochemical characteristics and explore their biomedical potential. The nanoparticles were fabricated by melting a mixture of silica, calcium oxide, sodium oxide, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at 1450 °C, followed by ball milling to obtain the optimal particle size distribution. The study systematically investigated the effect of phosphate content on the nanoparticles' structural properties and bioactive performance. Advanced characterization methods; such as XRD, FTIR, DTA, and FE-SEM-EDX were used to examine structural stability and phosphate-induced surface alterations. In vitro assays revealed dose-dependent antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritic, and anti-inflammatory activities, with higher phosphate content enhancing bioactivity. Results demonstrated enhanced radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition in samples with higher phosphate levels. These findings suggest that phosphate-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles hold significant promise for therapeutic applications. The research advances the understanding of how synthesis parameters influence bioactivity, providing valuable insights for designing next-generation biomedical materials.

Keywords: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; Bioactive glass nanoparticles; Biomedical applications; In vitro bioactivity; Phosphate doping.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was not required for this study as it did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or sensitive data. All study participants provided written informed consent. Participants received information on the study’s objectives, the steps involved, and their freedom to discontinue participation at any moment without facing any repercussions. Throughout the duration of the study, participants’ information was kept completely private. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a DTA and b XRD patterns of prepared samples
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Particle size distribution and b Zeta potential of prepared samples
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a SEM images of prepared samples before and after immersion in SBF. b. EDX patterns before and after immersion in SBF for 1 week
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a SEM images of prepared samples before and after immersion in SBF. b. EDX patterns before and after immersion in SBF for 1 week
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of bioactive glass nanoparticles against AChE, proteinase and markers of the inflammatory reactions (COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LPO) compared to their standards
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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