Childhood adversities and their associations with mental disorders in the World Mental Health International College Student surveys initiative

Mathilde M Husky¹, Sue Lee², Nancy A Sampson², Shelby Borowski², Yesica Albor³, Ahmad N Alhadi⁴, Jordi Alonso⁵, Nouf K Al-Saud⁶, Yasmin A Altwaijri⁶, Claes Andersson⁷, Lukoye Atwoli⁸, Caroline Ayuya Muaka⁹, Patricia M Báez-Mansur¹⁰, Laura Ballester¹¹, Jason Bantjes¹², Harald Baumeister¹³, Marcus Bendtsen¹⁴, Corina Benjet³, Anne H Berman¹⁵, Ronny Bruffaerts¹⁶, Paula Carrasco¹⁷, Silver C N Chan¹⁸, Irina F Cohut¹⁹, María Anabell Covarrubias Díaz Couder²⁰, Paula Cristóbal-Narváez²¹, Marcelo A Crockett²², Pim Cuijpers²³, Oana A David²⁴, Dong Dong²⁵, David D Ebert²⁶, Carlos G Forero²⁷, Jorge Gaete²⁸, Margalida Gili²⁹, Raúl Gutiérrez-García³⁰, Josep Maria Haro²¹, Penelope Hasking³¹, Xanthe Hunt³², Florence Jaguga³³, Leontien Jansen¹⁶, Álvaro I Langer³⁴, Irene Léniz³⁵, Yan Liu³⁶, Christine Lochner³⁷, Scarlett Mac-Ginty³⁸, Vania Martínez³⁹, Andre Mason⁴⁰, Muthoni Mathai⁴¹, Margaret McLafferty⁴², Elaine K Murray⁴³, Catherine M Musyoka⁴¹, Cătălin Nedelcea⁴⁴, Daniel Núñez⁴⁵, Siobhan M O'Neill⁴⁶, José A Piqueras⁴⁷, Codruta A Popescu⁴⁸, Charlene Rapsey⁴⁹, Kealagh Robinson⁵⁰, Tiscar Rodriguez-Jimenez⁵¹, Wylene Saal⁵², Damian Scarf⁵³, Oi-Ling Siu⁵⁴, Dan J Stein⁵⁵, Sascha Y Struijs⁵⁶, Cristina T Tomoiaga⁵⁷, Karla Patricia Valdés-García⁵⁸, Eunice Vargas-Contreras⁵⁹, Shelby Vereecke⁶⁰, Daniel V Vigo⁶¹, Angel Y Wang⁶⁰, Samuel Y S Wong²⁵, Ronald C Kessler⁶²; World Mental Health International College Student collaborators

Affiliations

¹ Active Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, France.
² Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Center for Global Mental Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Health Services Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
⁶ Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Criminology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
⁸ Department of Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute, the Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
⁹ Department of Psychology & Counselling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹⁰ Coordinación de Desarrollo Académico y Servicios Educativos, Universidad la Salle Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.
¹¹ Health Services Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
¹² Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
¹³ Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
¹⁵ Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹⁶ Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium; Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁷ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
¹⁸ The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
¹⁹ Career Counseling and Guidance Center, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
²⁰ Coordinación de Investigación, Universidad la Salle Noroeste, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico.
²¹ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain.
²² Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile.
²³ Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Science, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
²⁴ DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
²⁵ Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
²⁶ Department for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
²⁷ Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Estudiantil (ISME), Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma Mallorca, Spain.
³⁰ Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Campus Salamanca, Mexico.
³¹ Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
³² Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Somkhele, South Africa.
³³ Department of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Services, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
³⁴ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.
³⁵ Dirección de Salud Mental, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.
³⁶ School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, PR China.
³⁷ SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
³⁸ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Department of Health Service & Population Research, Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
³⁹ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente (Cemera), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁴⁰ School of Psychological and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
⁴¹ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
⁴² Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry, Londonderry, UK; Atlantic Technological University, Donegal, Ireland.
⁴³ Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry, Londonderry, UK.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
⁴⁵ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
⁴⁶ School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
⁴⁷ Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche (UMH), Alacant, Spain.
⁴⁸ Department of Human Sciences, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
⁴⁹ Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
⁵⁰ School of Psychology, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵¹ Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Zaragoza, Spain.
⁵² Social Sciences Department, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa.
⁵³ Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
⁵⁴ Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Hong SAR, China.
⁵⁵ SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵⁶ Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Science, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁵⁷ DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
⁵⁸ Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico.
⁵⁹ Administrative and Social Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico.
⁶⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁶¹ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁶² Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu.

PMID: 40541041
PMCID: PMC12291606 (available on 2026-06-11)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116585

Childhood adversities and their associations with mental disorders in the World Mental Health International College Student surveys initiative

Mathilde M Husky et al. Psychiatry Res. 2025 Sep.

. 2025 Sep:351:116585.

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116585. Epub 2025 Jun 11.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Active Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, France.
² Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Center for Global Mental Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Health Services Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
⁶ Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Criminology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
⁸ Department of Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute, the Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
⁹ Department of Psychology & Counselling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹⁰ Coordinación de Desarrollo Académico y Servicios Educativos, Universidad la Salle Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.
¹¹ Health Services Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
¹² Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
¹³ Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
¹⁵ Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹⁶ Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium; Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
¹⁷ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
¹⁸ The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
¹⁹ Career Counseling and Guidance Center, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
²⁰ Coordinación de Investigación, Universidad la Salle Noroeste, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico.
²¹ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu (IRSJD), Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain.
²² Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile.
²³ Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Science, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
²⁴ DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
²⁵ Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
²⁶ Department for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
²⁷ Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Estudiantil (ISME), Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma Mallorca, Spain.
³⁰ Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Campus Salamanca, Mexico.
³¹ Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
³² Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Somkhele, South Africa.
³³ Department of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Services, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
³⁴ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.
³⁵ Dirección de Salud Mental, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.
³⁶ School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, PR China.
³⁷ SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
³⁸ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Department of Health Service & Population Research, Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
³⁹ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente (Cemera), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁴⁰ School of Psychological and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
⁴¹ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
⁴² Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry, Londonderry, UK; Atlantic Technological University, Donegal, Ireland.
⁴³ Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry, Londonderry, UK.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
⁴⁵ Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
⁴⁶ School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
⁴⁷ Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche (UMH), Alacant, Spain.
⁴⁸ Department of Human Sciences, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
⁴⁹ Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
⁵⁰ School of Psychology, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵¹ Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Zaragoza, Spain.
⁵² Social Sciences Department, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa.
⁵³ Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
⁵⁴ Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Hong SAR, China.
⁵⁵ SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵⁶ Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Science, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁵⁷ DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
⁵⁸ Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico.
⁵⁹ Administrative and Social Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico.
⁶⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁶¹ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁶² Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu.

PMID: 40541041
PMCID: PMC12291606 (available on 2026-06-11)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116585

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates associations of childhood adversities (CAs) with lifetime prevalence, 12-month prevalence, and 12-month persistence of mental disorders in a large cross-national sample of university students.

Methods: Data came from epidemiologic surveys carried out by the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS)Initiative across 18 countries (n=60,719). The web-based surveys screened for lifetime and 12-month prevalence and age-of-onset of common DSM-5 disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar I/II Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Alcohol and Drug Use disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and five types of CAs (family dysfunction, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect). Multivariable Poisson regression models estimated associations of CA type, number, and frequency with disorders.

Results: The majority of incoming students reported exposure to at least one CA (64.9%), including 50.0 % family dysfunction, 42.2 % emotional abuse, 21.2 % physical abuse, 18.8 % neglect, and 5.0 % sexual abuse. Lifetime and 12-month disorders were significantly associated with CAs in multivariable models, although associations with disorder persistence were weaker. Population attributable risk proportions of 12-month disorders associated with CAs were in the range of 40.7-61.0 % for anxiety and mood disorders and 13.5-55.2 % for substance use disorders.

Conclusion: Six out of ten university students arrive at university having been exposed to CAs. These students have substantially higher risk of mental disorders than other students, primarily due to associations with lifetime risk rather than persistence. Given the considerable distress and impairment caused by mental disorders, these results underscore the need for primary and secondary prevention efforts.

Keywords: ADHD; Anxiety; Childhood adversities; Depression; Mental disorders; Persistence; Substance use disorder; University students.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest RB reports grant funding from Eli Lilly (IIT-H6U-BX-I002). DDE has served as a consultant to/on the scientific advisory boards of Sanofi, Novartis, Minddistrict, Lantern, Schoen Kliniken, Ideamed and German health insurance companies (BARMER, Techniker Krankenkasse) and a number of federal chambers for psychotherapy. He is also shareholder of "GET.ON Institut für Online Gesundheitstrainings GmbH für Gesundheitstrainings online GmbH" (HelloBetter), which aims to implement scientific findings related to digital health interventions into routine care. XH has received grants from Sexual Violence Research Institute, Volkswagen Foundation, Wellspring Philanthropies, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (UK government), PANDA Holding Limited, National Research Foundation of South Africa, Center for Inclusive Policy. XH reports consulting fees from Mastercard Foundation, Missing Billion Initiative, UNICEF, International Food Policy Research Institute and the African Union. Hunt has received funding support to attend conferences from Mastercard Foundation and Charité University (Germany). MMH reports consulting fees from Child Mind Institute, New York. In the past 3 years, RCK was a consultant for Cambridge Health Alliance, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Child Mind Institute, Holmusk, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Healthcare, Inc., RallyPoint Networks, Inc., Sage Therapeutics and University of North Carolina. He has stock options in Cerebral Inc., Mirah, PYM (Prepare Your Mind), Roga Sciences and Verisense Health. DJS has received consultancy honoraria from Discovery Vitality, Johnson & Johnson, Kanna, L’Oreal, Lundbeck, Orion, Servier, Seaport Therapeutics, Takeda, Vistagen, and Wellcome. DVV reports grant support from Health Canada, Provincial Health Services Authority and an internal research grant from the University of British Columbia. The Province of BC and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority made payments to Dr. Vigo with respect to contracts for projects related to mental health service provision. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

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Childhood adversities and their associations with mental disorders in the World Mental Health International College Student surveys initiative

Affiliations

Childhood adversities and their associations with mental disorders in the World Mental Health International College Student surveys initiative

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical