The double-edged sword of early antibiotic exposure in extremely preterm infants: implications for necrotizing enterocolitis and growth faltering

Jonathan A Berken^{1

2

3}, Maria C Rico², Joseph H Chou⁴, Juan D Matute^{5

6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
² Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
³ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁴ Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matutej@chop.edu.
⁶ Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matutej@chop.edu.
⁷ Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matutej@chop.edu.

Jonathan A Berken et al. Pediatr Res. 2025.

. 2025 Jun 20.

doi: 10.1038/s41390-025-04088-9. Online ahead of print.

Jonathan A Berken^{1

2

3}, Maria C Rico², Joseph H Chou⁴, Juan D Matute^{5

6

7}

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
² Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
³ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁴ Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matutej@chop.edu.
⁶ Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matutej@chop.edu.
⁷ Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. matutej@chop.edu.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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