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Comparative Study
. 2025 Jun 21:31:e948665.
doi: 10.12659/MSM.948665.

Comparative Analysis of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in 50 Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients

Erbil Seven  1 , Serek Tekin  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparative Analysis of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in 50 Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients

Erbil Seven et al. Med Sci Monit. .

Abstract

BACKGROUND Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study compared serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in 50 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 52 healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty patients in the POAG group and 52 age- and sex-matched individuals in the control group were included in the study. SOD activity was evaluated using the optical density of the blue formazan dye formed at 560 nm due to the interaction of nitroblue tetrazolium with xanthine and superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase. CAT activity in serum was assessed using hydrogen peroxide and phosphate buffer solution. Measurement of GSH levels was performed using a phosphate buffer and DTNB (Ellman's reagent) solution. MDA levels were quantified by measuring the colored complex formed with thiobarbituric acid. All biomarkers were measured using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The results indicated significantly higher serum MDA levels (P<0.001) and CAT levels (P<0.001), along with lower SOD levels (P<0.001) and GSH levels (P<0.001) in patients with POAG compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that POAG patients experience increased oxidative stress and have an insufficient antioxidant defense system. The imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium in POAG patients suggests a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of the disease. Evaluating serum levels of these biomarkers could be valuable for diagnosing and treating POAG.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between glaucoma patients and control subjects. This figure was created using SPSS for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of catalase (CAT) levels between glaucoma patients and control subjects. This figure was created using SPSS for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels between glaucoma patients and control subjects. This figure was created using SPSS for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels between glaucoma patients and control subjects. This figure was created using SPSS for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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