Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jul;4(7):101920.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101920. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

Gender Disparities Are Not Binary

Stephen C Cook  1 , Caroline Ong  2 , Matthew Carazo  3
Affiliations

Gender Disparities Are Not Binary

Stephen C Cook et al. JACC Adv. 2025 Jul.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Fatunde O.A., Grant J.K., Lara-Breitinger K., et al. Gender disparities in cardiology. Learning from history to envision the future. JACC Adv. 2025;4 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lam C. How to incorporate sex and gender into the design of cardiovascular clinical trials. Circulation. 2022;145:499–501. - PubMed
    1. Porter K.F., Deb B., Katyukha A., Punnanithinont N., Fradley M., Cook S.C. Reporting sex and gender differences in cardiovascular research. US Cardiol. 2024;18:e18. - PMC - PubMed
    1. New AAMC data on medical School applicants and enrollment in 2024. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/new-aamc-data-medical-school-ap...
    1. Cook S.C., Barnes G.D., Berlacher K., et al. Experiences of lesbia, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer cardiology physicians and Fellows in training. JACC Adv. 2025;4 doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101545. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources