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. 2025 Jul;4(7):101920.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101920. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

Gender Disparities Are Not Binary

Stephen C Cook¹, Caroline Ong², Matthew Carazo³

Affiliations

Affiliations

¹ Franciscan Physician Network, Indiana Heart Physicians, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Electronic address: cook.achdoc@gmail.com.
² Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.
³ UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California, USA.

PMID: 40543463
PMCID: PMC12221718
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101920

Gender Disparities Are Not Binary

Stephen C Cook et al. JACC Adv. 2025 Jul.

. 2025 Jul;4(7):101920.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101920. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

Authors

Stephen C Cook¹, Caroline Ong², Matthew Carazo³

Affiliations

¹ Franciscan Physician Network, Indiana Heart Physicians, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Electronic address: cook.achdoc@gmail.com.
² Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.
³ UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California, USA.

PMID: 40543463
PMCID: PMC12221718
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101920

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

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References

1. Fatunde O.A., Grant J.K., Lara-Breitinger K., et al. Gender disparities in cardiology. Learning from history to envision the future. JACC Adv. 2025;4 - PMC - PubMed
1. Lam C. How to incorporate sex and gender into the design of cardiovascular clinical trials. Circulation. 2022;145:499–501. - PubMed
1. Porter K.F., Deb B., Katyukha A., Punnanithinont N., Fradley M., Cook S.C. Reporting sex and gender differences in cardiovascular research. US Cardiol. 2024;18:e18. - PMC - PubMed
1. New AAMC data on medical School applicants and enrollment in 2024. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/new-aamc-data-medical-school-ap...
1. Cook S.C., Barnes G.D., Berlacher K., et al. Experiences of lesbia, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer cardiology physicians and Fellows in training. JACC Adv. 2025;4 doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101545. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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