Epigenetic and experimental approaches influencing non-coding RNAs

Abstract

Epigenetics having sundry ambiences which are robustly linked to non-coding RNAs, precisely small RNAs that are generally imputated in gene expression regulation and helps in directing cytosine methylation and histone modifications of complex organisms. A pivotal peculiarity of epigenetics is that the same genome shows unwonted phenotypes which are situated in different epigenetics states. In last decade, the majority tangled epigenetic phenomena studied encompasses transposon activity and silencing which are directly or indirectly associated in RNA component and are currently epitomize by piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNAs), position effect variegation, X-chromosome inactivation, parental imprinting, and paramutation. Envisagly, there are certain non - coding RNAs are players in epigenetics gene regulation but their mechanism is still underlying. In yeast, plants, and mice, ncRNAs facilitate the inheritance of epigenetic states, effectively transmitting information across generations. This transgenerational epigenetic inheritance underscores the potential of ncRNAs to act as carriers of heritable information, bridging the gap between environmental cues and genetic responses. In conclusion, ncRNAs play a central role in epigenetic regulation and the transfer of genetic information, highlighting their importance in the evolution and complexity of higher organisms. In this review article, ongoing research continues to uncover the multifaceted functions of these molecules, offering deeper insights into the regulatory architectures that underpin life.

Keywords: DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Histone modifications; Non-coding RNAs; Piwi-interacting RNAs; X-chromosome inactivation.