Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for neurodegenerative disorders management

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are accompanied by neuronal death because of progressive destruction in neuronal structure and function. Due to various neurological conditions, there is a significant number of deaths every year around the world. The healthcare burden is also increasing each year. Development and progress in nanotechnology enable the creation of nanocarriers that transport drugs to the site of disease, thereby enhancing the therapeutic performance of the drug. However, the transport of nanocarrier-based therapeutics to the brain is restricted by barriers such as the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier (BCFB), which are further impeded by P-glycoproteins. Hence, current research and development focus on overcoming these obstacles. A biomimetic drug delivery system is one of the best ways to overcome these challenges. One of the promising biomimetic drug delivery systems is cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. In this review, we have comprehensively reviewed the recent progress and development in various cell membrane coated nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for the effective management of a range of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Glioblastoma, Ischemic Stroke, Huntington's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Glioma, Peripheral Nerve Injury, and Motor Neuron Disorder. We also reviewed the challenges associated with cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, such as biosafety hurdles, toxicity, regulatory requirements, and clinical translation. Ultimately, we provided the conclusions and future research directions that must be investigated to overcome the current limitations.

Keywords: Biomimetic nanoparticles; Blood–brain barrier; Neurodegenerative diseases, surface-engineered nanoparticles.