RETRACTED: Zhang et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 23823-23848

doi:10.3390/ijms26135922

. 2025 Jun 20;26(13):5922.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26135922.

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 23823-23848

Feng-Ying Zhang^{1

2}, Yi Hu³, Zhong-You Que³, Ping Wang^{1

2}, Yun-Hui Liu³, Zhen-Hua Wang⁴, Yi-Xue Xue^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
² Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
⁴ Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.

PMID: 40546082
PMCID: PMC12183612
DOI: 10.3390/ijms26135922

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 23823-23848

Feng-Ying Zhang et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2025.

. 2025 Jun 20;26(13):5922.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26135922.

Authors

Feng-Ying Zhang^{1

2}, Yi Hu³, Zhong-You Que³, Ping Wang^{1

2}, Yun-Hui Liu³, Zhen-Hua Wang⁴, Yi-Xue Xue^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
² Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
⁴ Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.

PMID: 40546082
PMCID: PMC12183612
DOI: 10.3390/ijms26135922

Abstract

The journal retracts the article titled "Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine" [...].

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RETRACTED: Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine.
Zhang FY, Hu Y, Que ZY, Wang P, Liu YH, Wang ZH, Xue YX. Zhang FY, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Oct 9;16(10):23823-48. doi: 10.3390/ijms161023823. Int J Mol Sci. 2015. Retraction in: Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 20;26(13):5922. doi: 10.3390/ijms26135922. PMID: 26473829 Free PMC article. Retracted.

References

1. Zhang F.-Y., Hu Y., Que Z.-Y., Wang P., Liu Y.-H., Wang Z.-H., Xue Y.-X. RETRACTED: Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015;16:23823–23848. doi: 10.3390/ijms161023823. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Wang P., Liu Y.H., Yao Y.L., Li Z., Li Z.Q., Ma J., Xue Y.X. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 suppresses malignancy in human gliomas by miR-21. Cell Signal. 2015;27:275–282. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.011. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Zhang F.-Y., Hu Y., Que Z.-Y., Wang P., Liu Y.-H., Wang Z.-H., Xue Y.-X. RETRACTED: Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015;16:23823–23848. doi: 10.3390/ijms161023823. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Zhang F.-Y., Hu Y., Que Z.-Y., Wang P., Liu Y.-H., Wang Z.-H., Xue Y.-X. RETRACTED: Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015;16:23823–23848. doi: 10.3390/ijms161023823. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Wang P., Liu Y.H., Yao Y.L., Li Z., Li Z.Q., Ma J., Xue Y.X. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 suppresses malignancy in human gliomas by miR-21. Cell Signal. 2015;27:275–282. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.011. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Wang P., Liu Y.H., Yao Y.L., Li Z., Li Z.Q., Ma J., Xue Y.X. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 suppresses malignancy in human gliomas by miR-21. Cell Signal. 2015;27:275–282. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.011. - DOI - PubMed

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RETRACTED: Zhang et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 23823-23848

Affiliations

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 23823-23848

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