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. 2025 May 9:14:100101.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2025.100101. eCollection 2025 Dec.

Impact of Stress Hyperglycemia in a Cohort of Brazilian Patients With COVID-19

Ana Julia de Magalhães Pina  1 , Luís Fernando de Oliveira  1 , Letícia de Oliveira Nascimento  2 , Deborah Maciel Cavalcanti Rosa  1 , Jefferson Barela  3 , Bruno Martinelli  1 , Carlos Antonio Negrato  1
Affiliations

Impact of Stress Hyperglycemia in a Cohort of Brazilian Patients With COVID-19

Ana Julia de Magalhães Pina et al. Am J Med Open. .

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of stress hyperglycemia (SH) in a cohort of Brazilian patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care level hospital.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 754 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Hospital Estadual de Bauru, São Paulo, in 2020. Data were collected from the E-pront system and covered sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory aspects, including mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, and outcomes. Included patients were those >18 years old, with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, who required hospitalization, with or without preexisting type 2 diabetes (T2DM), or who developed SH. Patients younger than 18 years, with other types of diabetes, or incomplete data were excluded.

Results: Patients with SH had longer hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay (P < .001) as well as longer mechanical ventilation duration (P < .001). Additionally, this group needed a higher number of orotracheal intubations (P < .001) and presented higher mortality rates (P < .001) and fewer discharges 284 (P < .001) compared to patients with T2DM and normoglycemia.

Conclusions: Patients who developed SH presented poorer clinical outcomes; needed more frequently orotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and longer hospitalization and ICU stay; and had higher mortality rates and fewer discharges compared to patients with T2DM and normoglycemia.

Keywords: COVID-19; stress hyperglycemia; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical outcomes among the studied groups. MV = mechanical ventilation; OTI = orotracheal intubation; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus. *Analysis: Chi-square Association Test, contingency tables, independent samples (P < .05).
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