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. 2025 Jun 19;14(6):20584601251352987.
doi: 10.1177/20584601251352987. eCollection 2025 Jun.

Efficacy of drug-coated balloon for repeated short-term restenosis of dialysis arteriovenous fistulas

Takanori Maeda  1 , Koji Kuroda  1 , Makoto Takemoto  1 , Wataru Fujimoto  1 , Soichiro Yamashita  1 , Junichi Imanishi  1 , Masamichi Iwasaki  1 , Takafumi Todoroki  1 , Masanori Okuda  1
Affiliations

Efficacy of drug-coated balloon for repeated short-term restenosis of dialysis arteriovenous fistulas

Takanori Maeda et al. Acta Radiol Open. .

Abstract

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are used for vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT). However, few studies on patients with repeated short-term restenosis after VAIVT using a standard balloon (SB) have been reported, and the effect of DCB use on patency in these patients remains unclear.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of DCB in patients with repeated short-term restenosis after VAIVT with SB.

Materials and methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. We enrolled 50 consecutive patients who suffered two consecutive restenosis episodes within 6 months after VAIVT with SB. In the third session, patients were treated with DCB or SB. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was evaluated for 1 year after the third session, with the primary endpoint being the TLR-free rate at 6 months after VAIVT.

Results: At the third procedure, 24 patients were treated with DCB (DCB group), whereas 26 were treated with SB (SB group). The TLR-free rates at 6 months and 1-year were significantly higher in the DCB group than in the SB group (79.2% vs 26.9%, p < .001; and 41.7% vs 7.7%, p = .005). In the DCB group, a significant correlation was observed between the TLR duration from VAIVT with DCB and the prerestenosis duration before DCB treatment.

Conclusions: Among patients with repeated short-term restenosis after VAIVT, DCB use significantly improved short-term patency compared with that after SB use. DCB may help extend the period between sessions, which are repeated in the short term, to an acceptable length.

Keywords: dialysis arteriovenous fistula; drug-coated balloon; patency rate; percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; short-term restenosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study design. Repeated short-term restenosis was defined as restenosis within 6 months on two consecutive occasions after vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT) with a standard balloon. Pre-restenosis duration was defined as the mean duration of the first to second and second to third session.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Patient population.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Survival analysis according to vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT) with drug-coated balloon (DCB) or standard balloon (SB). Kaplan–Meier survival curves of target lesion revascularization stratified according to VAIVT with DCB or SB.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Landmark analysis (>6 months) of target lesion revascularization stratified according to vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT) with drug-coated or standard balloon.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The association between target lesion revascularization duration from vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT) with drug-coated balloon (DCB) and the pre-restenosis duration before VAIVT with DCB.
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