Encrusted Cystitis in a Child Without Predisposing Factors: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

A six-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with rectal prolapse, urinary frequency, urinary stone drainage, and recurrent febrile urinary tract infections. A urinary culture identified Proteus mirabilis, and an ultrasonography demonstrated mucosal calcification of the bladder wall, leading to the diagnosis of encrusted cystitis. Antibiotic administration and transurethral resection of bladder calcification were performed, and her symptoms gradually disappeared. Encrusted cystitis is extremely rare in childhood and is frequently observed in patients with post-renal transplantation, urological interventions, and immunosuppressive status. She did not have these predisposing factors; thus, bladder and bowel dysfunction may be a potential risk factor for encrusted cystitis.

Keywords: bladder and bowel dysfunction; encrusted cystitis; pediatric constipation; recurrent rectal prolapse; urinary tract infection.

Figure 1. Physical and ultrasonographic findings.

(A) Rectal prolapse in the outpatient clinic. (B) Ultrasound of the bladder showing a 5-mm-thickened calcification of the entire bladder wall.

Figure 2. Intraoperative findings.

(A) Cystoscopy showing calcium deposits centered on the bladder trigone and sclerosis of the bilateral ureteral orifices. (B) Intraoperative cystography showing secondary bilateral vesicoureteral reflux.