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. 2025 Jun 6:28:102632.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102632. eCollection 2025 May.

Characterization of volatile profiles in cherry fruits: Integration of E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS

Chen Feng  1   2   3   4 , Xiaoming Zhang  1   2   3   4 , Jing Wang  1   2   3   4 , Chuanbao Wu  1   2   3   4 , Wei Wang  1   2   3   4 , Guohua Yan  1   2   3   4 , Yu Zhou  1   2   3   4 , Kaichun Zhang  1   2   3   4 , Xuwei Duan  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Characterization of volatile profiles in cherry fruits: Integration of E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS

Chen Feng et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Aroma plays a crucial role in assessing the flavor quality of cherry fruits. This study compared the odor and volatile profiles of 37 cherry germplasm fruits using an electronic nose (E-nose) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Notably, Cao5 exhibited a distinct odor compared to the other 36 sweet cherry cultivars. A total of 363 volatiles were identified and categorized into 14 classes. In terms of quantity, the top three categories of volatiles were terpenoids, esters, and alcohols. Among the samples, Saylor displayed the highest total volatile content at 76.98 μg∙g-1, whereas Minnie Royal had the lowest at 67.27 μg∙g-1. A total of 51 volatiles, including 1-nonen-3-one, 2-nonenal, (E)-, 2-nonenal, 2,4-nonadienal, and 2-hexenal, (E)-, were identified as the primary contributors to the aroma. In conclusion, this study aims to establish a foundation for rapidly and accurately evaluating cherry fruit flavor and developing new cultivars.

Keywords: Cherry; E-nose; HS-SPME-GC–MS; Relative odor activity value; Volatile compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Odor evaluation of 37 cherry fruits by E-nose. (A) Radar charts of 10 sensors. (B) Radar charts of 37 cherry fruits. (C) Principal component analysis (PCA) of 37 cherry fruits. (D) PCA of 36 sweet cherry fruits.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Volatile compound detection and analysis from 7 cherry fruits. (A) Categories of determined volatile compounds. (B) The relative amounts of volatile compounds from 7 cherry fruits.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Volatile compound comparative analysis. (A) Differential volatile compound analysis among pairwise comparisons. (B) UpsetR analysis of differential volatile compounds. C5, Cao5; BTa, Black Tartarian; MRo, Minnie Royal; Gol, Golia; BTC, Bingtangcui; Sun, Sunburst; Say, Saylor.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Correlation analysis of 51 characteristic volatiles of HS-SPME-GC–MS with E-nose sensor. *, **, *** indicate that the correlation is significant under p-value <0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively.
Supplementary Fig. S1
Supplementary Fig. S1
Fig. S1 Total ion currents of different cherry fruit samples. (A-G) Cao5; Black Tartarian; Saylor; Golia; Minnie Royal; Bingtangcui; Sunburst.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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