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. 2025 Jun 19;11(2):20552173251348304.
doi: 10.1177/20552173251348304. eCollection 2025 Apr-Jun.

The effect of the EXOPULSE Mollii suit on motor functions in patients with multiple sclerosis - a randomized sham-controlled crossover trial

Samar S Ayache  1 , Joseph G Mattar  1 , Alain Créange  2 , Mohamed Abdellaoui  3 , Mickael Zedet  3 , Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur  2 , Hana Megherbi  4 , Hayfa Khaled  4 , Georges Naïm Abi Lahoud  1 , Moussa A Chalah  1
Affiliations

The effect of the EXOPULSE Mollii suit on motor functions in patients with multiple sclerosis - a randomized sham-controlled crossover trial

Samar S Ayache et al. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. .

Abstract

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) could suffer from frequent and disabling motor symptoms, including balance and mobility problems, spasticity, weakness and fatigue, with an impact on patients' quality of life. Current treatments have limited efficacy or significant side effects. The EXOPULSE Mollii Suit, a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation system, provides simultaneous stimulation to 40 muscle groups and may offer a therapeutic alternative.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of this device on balance, other motor symptoms and quality of life in PwMS.

Methods: A randomized, crossover, sham-controlled, double-blind study (phase 1) evaluated the effects of a 60-min single session of active versus sham stimulation. An open-label phase 2 evaluated the effects of stimulation over four weeks. Balance (Berg Balance Scale) was the primary outcome, with secondary measures including spasticity, mobility, pain, fatigue and quality of life.

Results: Thirty-two patients completed phase 1, and 30 completed phase 2. The intervention was well tolerated. Significant improvements in balance (p < 0.001), spasticity (p < 0.001) and fatigue (p = 0.007) were observed in phase 1. Phase 2 showed sustained improvements in balance, spasticity, mobility and quality of life (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The EXOPULSE Molii Suit demonstrated significant benefits for motor symptoms, warranting further large-scale research into long-term effects.This clinical trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov as 'EXOPULSE Mollii Suit, Motor Function & Multiple Sclerosis (EXOSEP)' (NCT06702137). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06702137?term=NCT06702137&rank=1.

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; balance; mobility; spasticity; transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: MC declares having received compensation from Janssen Global Services LLC, Exoneural Network AB, Sweden and Ottobock, France. AC declares having received financial support for research from Biogen, GeNeuro, MedDay, Novartis, Octapharma and Roche and having received honoraria from Biogen, GeNeuro, Novartis and Roche. SA declares having received compensation from Sanofi Aventis, France; Novartis, France; Exoneural Network AB, Sweden and Ottobock, France. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study design illustrating the crossover randomized controlled trial (phase 1) and the open label trial (phase 2).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Participation flow chart (crossover randomized controlled trial, phase 1).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Berg Balance Scale before and after active and sham periods of stimulation (randomized phase 1) in patients with multiple sclerosis (phase 1). Results are displayed as mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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