Chinese Expert Consensus on the Whole-Course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)

Yu Yang^{1

2}, Juxian Sun³, Jianqiang Cai⁴, Minshan Chen⁵, Chaoliu Dai⁶, Tianfu Wen⁷, Jinglin Xia⁸, Mingang Ying⁹, Zhiwei Zhang¹⁰, Xuewen Zhang¹¹, Chihua Fang¹², Feng Shen¹³, Ping An¹⁴, Qingxian Cai¹⁵, Jingyu Cao¹⁶, Zhen Zeng¹⁷, Gang Chen¹⁸, Juan Chen¹⁹, Ping Chen²⁰, Yongshun Chen²¹, Yunfeng Shan¹⁸, Shuangsuo Dang²², Wei-Xing Guo³, Jiefeng He²³, Heping Hu²⁴, Bin Huang¹⁹, Weidong Jia²⁵, Kexiang Jiang²⁶, Yan Jin²⁷, Yongdong Jin²⁸, Yun Jin²⁷, Gong Li²⁹, Yun Liang³⁰, Enyu Liu³¹, Hao Liu³², Wei Peng⁷, Zhenwei Peng³³, Zhiyi Peng³⁴, Yeben Qian³⁵, Wanhua Ren³⁶, Jie Shi³, Yusheng Song³⁷, Min Tao³⁸, Jun Tie³⁹, Xueying Wan⁴⁰, Bin Wang⁴¹, Jin Wang⁴², Kai Wang⁴³, Kang Wang³, Xin Wang^{2

44}, Wenjing Wei⁴⁵, Fei-Xiang Wu⁴⁶, Bangde Xiang⁴⁶, Lin Xie⁴⁷, Jianming Xu⁴⁸, Mao-Lin Yan⁴⁹, Yufu Ye⁵⁰, Jinbo Yue⁵¹, Xiaoxun Zhang⁷, Yu Zhang⁵², Aibin Zhang⁵³, Haitao Zhao⁵⁴, Weifeng Zhao⁵⁵, Xin Zheng⁵⁶, Hongkun Zhou⁵⁷, Huabang Zhou²⁴, Jun Zhou⁵⁸, Xinmin Zhou⁵⁹, Shu-Qun Cheng³, Qiu Li^{1

2}; Chinese Association of Liver Cancer and Chinese Medical Doctor Association

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
² Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
³ Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁵ Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
⁷ Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
⁸ Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
⁹ Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
¹¹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
¹² Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
¹³ Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
¹⁴ Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China.
¹⁵ National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
¹⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
¹⁷ Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
¹⁸ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
¹⁹ Department of Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
²⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
²¹ Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
²² Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
²³ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
²⁴ Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
²⁵ Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
²⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China.
²⁷ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Kumming, China.
²⁸ Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
²⁹ Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.
³⁰ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
³¹ Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
³² Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
³³ Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
³⁴ Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
³⁵ Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
³⁶ Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
³⁷ Department of Interventional Radiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
³⁸ Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
³⁹ National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
⁴⁰ Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
⁴¹ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
⁴² Department of Oncology, MianYang Central Hospital, MianYang, China.
⁴³ Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
⁴⁴ Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
⁴⁵ Department of General Surgery, Taiyuan People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
⁴⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.
⁴⁷ Department of Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
⁴⁸ Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁴⁹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
⁵⁰ Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁵¹ Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
⁵² Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
⁵³ Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁵⁴ Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁵⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
⁵⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
⁵⁷ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, China.
⁵⁸ Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁵⁹ Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.

PMID: 40547957
PMCID: PMC12180802
DOI: 10.1159/000541622

Review

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Whole-Course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)

Yu Yang et al. Liver Cancer. 2024.

. 2024 Oct 22;14(3):311-333.

doi: 10.1159/000541622. eCollection 2025 Jun.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
² Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
³ Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁵ Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
⁷ Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
⁸ Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
⁹ Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
¹¹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
¹² Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
¹³ Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
¹⁴ Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China.
¹⁵ National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
¹⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
¹⁷ Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
¹⁸ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
¹⁹ Department of Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
²⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
²¹ Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
²² Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
²³ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
²⁴ Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
²⁵ Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
²⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China.
²⁷ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Kumming, China.
²⁸ Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
²⁹ Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.
³⁰ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
³¹ Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
³² Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
³³ Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
³⁴ Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
³⁵ Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
³⁶ Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
³⁷ Department of Interventional Radiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
³⁸ Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
³⁹ National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
⁴⁰ Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
⁴¹ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
⁴² Department of Oncology, MianYang Central Hospital, MianYang, China.
⁴³ Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
⁴⁴ Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
⁴⁵ Department of General Surgery, Taiyuan People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
⁴⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.
⁴⁷ Department of Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
⁴⁸ Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁴⁹ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
⁵⁰ Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁵¹ Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
⁵² Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
⁵³ Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁵⁴ Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁵⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
⁵⁶ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
⁵⁷ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, China.
⁵⁸ Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁵⁹ Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.

PMID: 40547957
PMCID: PMC12180802
DOI: 10.1159/000541622

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Most HCC patients have the complications of chronic liver disease and need overall consideration and whole-course management, including diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. To develop a reasonable, long-term, and complete management plan, multiple factors need to be considered, including the patient's general condition, basic liver diseases, tumor stage, tumor biological characteristics, treatment requirements, and economic cost.

Summary: To better guide the whole-course management of HCC patients, the Chinese Association of Liver Cancer and the Chinese Medical Doctor Association has gathered multidisciplinary experts and scholars in relevant fields to formulate the "Chinese Expert Consensus on The Whole-Course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)."

Key messages: This expert consensus, based on the current clinical evidence and experience, proposes surgical and nonsurgical HCC management pathways and involves 18 recommendations, including perioperative treatment, systematic treatment combined with local treatment, conversion treatment, special population management, symptomatic support treatment, and follow-up management.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Surgery; Surveillance; Systemic chemotherapy; Treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

**Fig. 1.**
Whole-course management path for HCC.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Chinese Expert Consensus on the Whole-Course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)

Affiliations

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Whole-Course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources