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. 2025 Jun 23:9:e55670.
doi: 10.2196/55670.

Internet Health Information-Seeking Trend of Urinary Incontinence in Mainland China: Infodemiology Study

Shuangquan Lin  1 , Lingxing Duan  1 , Xiongbing Lu  1 , Haichao Chao  1 , Xi Wen  2 , Shanzun Wei  1
Affiliations

Internet Health Information-Seeking Trend of Urinary Incontinence in Mainland China: Infodemiology Study

Shuangquan Lin et al. JMIR Form Res. .

Abstract

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a series of clinical episodes featuring involuntary urine leakage. UI affects people in terms of their physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning, and the negative perceptions and impact on patients are not fully understood. In addition, the true demand for the treatment of UI and related issues is yet to be revealed.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the online search trend, user demand, and encyclopedia content quality related to UI on a national and regional scale on Baidu search, the major search engine in Mainland China.

Methods: The Baidu Index was queried using UI-related terms for the period from January 2011 to August 2023. The search volume for each term was recorded to analyze the search trend and demographic distributions. For user interest, the demand graph data and trend data were collected and analyzed.

Results: Three search topics were identified with the 18 available UI search keywords. The total Baidu search index for all UI topics was 11,472,745. The annual percent changes (APCs) for the topic Complaint were 1.7% (P<.05) from 2011-2021 and -7.9% (P<.05) from 2021-2023, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) was 0.1% (P<.05). For the topic Inquiry, the APCs were 16% (P<.05) from 2011 to 2016, -27.00% from 2016 to 2019, and 21.2% (P<.05) from 2019 to 2023, with an AAPC of 4.8%. Regarding the topic of Treatment, the APC was 20.3% from 2011-2018 (P<.05), -36.9% from 2018-2021 (P>.05), and 2.2% from 2021-2023, with a -0.4% overall AAPC. The age distribution of the population of each UI search topic inquiry shows that the search inquiries for each topic were mainly made by the population aged 30 to 39 years. People from the eastern part of China made up around 30% of each search query.

Conclusions: Web-based searching for UI topics has been continuous and traceable since January 2011. Different categorized themes within the UI topic highlight specific demands from various populations, necessitating tailored responses. Although online platforms can offer answers, medical professionals' involvement is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Keywords: Baidu; Baidu encyclopedia; Baidu index; infodemiology; patients' concern; public interest; urinary incontinence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Online interest in urinary incontinence topics since 2011. (A) Search trend of topics about urinary incontinence. (B) Sum BSI proportion of each topic about urinary incontinence. APC: annual percentage change; BSI: Baidu search index.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Online interest in urinary incontinence topics since 2011. (A) Annual trend of the BSI for each region for the topic of Complaint. (B) Total search rates of each area for the topic of Complaint. (C) Annual trend of the BSI for each region for the topic of Inquiry. (D) Total search rates for each area for the topic of Inquiry. (E) Annual trend of the BSI for each region for the topic of Treatment. (F) Total search rates for each area for the topic of Treatment. BSI: Baidu search index.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Population disparities in search preference for urinary incontinence topics. (A) Age disparities in search preference for urinary incontinence topics. (B) Gender disparities in search preference for urinary incontinence topics. BSI: Baidu search index.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Population disparities in search preference for urinary incontinence topics specific to the female, male, and geriatric populations. (A) Age disparities in search preference for urinary incontinence topics specific to different populations. (B) Gender disparities in search preference for urinary incontinence topics specific to different populations. BSI: Baidu search index.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Term categories related to urinary incontinence in the Baidu index demand graph. (A) The distribution of most-appearing related words (word units) that users inquired about in the Baidu index related to urinary incontinence. (B) The distribution of most-searched related words that users inquired about in the Baidu index related to urinary incontinence. BSI: Baidu search index; TCM: traditional Chinese medicine.
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