Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jun 23:23.
doi: 10.18332/tid/205418. eCollection 2025.

Effect of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus in dyslipidemic individuals: A population-based cohort study

Wooin Seo #  1 , Se Young Jung #  1   2   3 , KeeHyuck Lee  2   3 , Woo Kyung Bae  2   3 , Jong Soo Han  2   3 , Hyejin Lee  2   3 , Ji Soo Kim  2   3 , Hye Yeon Koo  2   3 , Seung Yeon Lee  2   3 , Kiheon Lee  2   3
Affiliations

Effect of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus in dyslipidemic individuals: A population-based cohort study

Wooin Seo et al. Tob Induc Dis. .

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus, but the association between changes in smoking behavior and new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in dyslipidemic patients remains unclear. This study aimed to examine how changes in smoking habits affect NODM risk among individuals with dyslipidemia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). A total of 34282 patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia between 2012 and 2014 were followed until December 2019 (median follow-up: 5 years). Smoking behavior change was defined by transitions in smoking status and intensity across two health examinations. NODM was identified by fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or ICD-10 codes E11-E14 with antidiabetic medication.

Results: During follow-up, 2479 participants (7.23%) developed NODM. Those with NODM had higher prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, abnormal liver function, and family history of diabetes. Current smokers had increased NODM risk (hazard ratio, HR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.22-1.50) versus non-smokers. Heavy smokers had higher risk (HR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.60) than moderate smokers (HR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.16-1.60). Compared to continuous smokers, quitters had reduced risk (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98), while reducers showed no significant risk reduction (HR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.63-1.08).

Conclusions: Among patients with dyslipidemia, smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of NODM compared to continued smoking. These results suggest potential benefits of quitting smoking in reducing diabetes risk in this population.

Keywords: dyslipidemia; new-onset diabetes mellitus; retrospective cohort study; smoking behavior change.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have each completed and submitted an ICMJE form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or otherwise, related to the current work. Ki. Lee reports that since the initial planning of the work, this study received support from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Research Fund.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan-Meier curves showing the incidence of NODM stratified by smoking behavior changes (N=34282)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with dyslipidemia (N=33971)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. International Diabetes Federation . IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th edition; 2021. Accessed May 22, 2025. https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions/
    1. Kim CN, Jung YS, Kim YE, Ock M, Yoon SJ. Korean national burden of disease: the importance of diabetes management. Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(4):518-530. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2024.0087 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Neeland IJ, Lim S, Tchernof A, et al. Metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10(1):77. doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00563-5 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhou X, Siegel KR, Ng BP, et al. Cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention interventions targeting high-risk individuals and whole populations: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1593-1616. doi: 10.2337/dci20-0018 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Berberich AJ, Hegele RA. A Modern approach to dyslipidemia. Endocr Rev. 2022;43(4):611-653. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnab037 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources