Exploring the Role of Frenkel Exercises in Enhancing Dynamic Balance and Motor Function in the Aged With Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The increasing prevalence of neurological conditions in older adults leads to impaired balance and mobility, heightening fall risk. This systematic review explores the effectiveness of Frenkel exercises in enhancing dynamic balance and motor function, underscoring the importance of fall prevention techniques supported by evidence. Methods: This systematic review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including studies published from 2020 to 2025. Researchers utilized various databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycNet, Science Direct, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, to identify pertinent articles. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria for individuals aged 65 years and above with neurological disorders. The primary outcomes assessed were dynamic balance and motor function, with secondary outcomes including fall risk. Results: Six studies, encompassing 198 participants, were included in this review. They demonstrated significant improvements in dynamic balance and motor function following Frenkel exercise interventions. Five studies reported enhanced balance, measured by the Berg Balance Scale and timed up and go test. Frenkel exercises also contributed to a reduced fall risk and improved mobility. Consistent with other studies, our results show that Frenkel exercises effectively boost self-confidence and physical function. Conclusion: Frenkel exercises improve dynamic balance and motor function while lowering fall risk in elderly individuals with neurological disorders. Its simplicity and low cost make it a practical option, but more long-term studies are needed to confirm these benefits.

Keywords: elderly; exercise therapy; fall prevention; postural balance; rehabilitation.

Figure 1

PRISMA flow diagram included studies. PRISMA flow diagram showing the selection process of studies included in the systematic review. The diagram outlines the number of articles screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the final analysis based on inclusion criteria.

Figure 2

Comparison of FE effects on dynamic balance, motor function, and fall risk in older adults. Quality assessment of selected studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The chart displays the evaluation of methodological quality across various studies based on criteria such as study design, sampling, and outcome measures.

Figure 3

Comparison of dynamic balance improvement in Frenkel and control groups in different studies. Comparison of dynamic balance improvement in Frenkel exercises and control groups. The graph shows the percentage of improvement in balance scores (measured by the Berg Balance Scale) across different studies.

Figure 4

Effects of Frenkel exercises on balance, motor function, and fall risk. Effects of Frenkel exercises on balance, motor function, and fall risk. The bar chart illustrates the impact of FE on dynamic balance, motor function, and fall risk reduction in elderly individuals with neurological disorders.

Figure 5

Gender differences in balance improvement and age differences in motor function improvement following Frenkel exercises. Age and gender differences in motor function improvement following Frenkel exercises. The figure compares motor function improvement between different age groups within the elderly population after participating in FE.