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Review
. 2025 Jun 3;12(6):544.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060544.

Research Progress on Testicular Cancer in Giant Pandas: A Case-Oriented Review

Chengdong Wang  1 , Chengyao Li  1 , Linhua Deng  1 , Meg Sutherland Smith  2 , Rongping Wei  1 , Li Luo  3 , Shanshan Ling  1 , Lixian Liu  4 , Benjamin Nevitt  2 , Bo Luo  1 , Wenjing Li  5 , Caiwu Li  1 , Haidi Yang  1 , Ming Wei  1 , Ti Li  1 , Kai Wu  1 , Yuanyuan Qu  1 , Desheng Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Research Progress on Testicular Cancer in Giant Pandas: A Case-Oriented Review

Chengdong Wang et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), as an endemic and endangered species in China, has attracted much attention regarding its health issues. In recent years, certain diseases that affect giant pandas have gradually become important factors impacting their survival and breeding, including tumor diseases. Research on testicular cancer in giant pandas, in particular, has attracted the attention of scientific researchers because it poses a threat to individual reproductive function and population reproduction. This review systematically reviews the research progress of testicular cancer in giant pandas in recent years. Firstly, starting from case reports, the current research status of clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and molecular mechanisms of testicular cancer in giant pandas was analyzed. Secondly, the commonly used treatment methods at present were discussed, including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, etc., and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in practical applications were summarized. Furthermore, this article also conducts an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of testicular cancer in giant pandas, involving possible triggers such as genetic factors, environmental factors, and endocrine disorders. Based on the existing research results, this paper proposes a few future research directions, which will provide important support for the health management and population protection of giant pandas. Overall, although certain progress has been made in the research of testicular cancer in giant pandas, it still needs to be further deepened in order to provide a more powerful scientific basis for the healthcare and breeding of the endangered giant panda species.

Keywords: castration; clinical examination; familial inheritance; giant panda; testicular tumor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Family atlas of giant panda with testicular tumor. DD, PP, LG, GG, BY, XM, Dd, YG, XLW, MS, YZ, and FF are the abbreviations of the giant pandas Dong-Dong, Pan-Pan, Long-Gu, Long-Gu, Gao-Gao, Bai-Yun, Xi-Meng, Da-Di, Yang-Guang, Xiao-Liwu, Mei-Sheng, Yun-Zi, and Fu-Fu, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diagnosis results of giant pandas with testicular tumors. (A) Enlargement of the left testicle of giant panda Xi-Meng. (B) HE staining sections of testicular histopathology of giant pandas with testicular tumors. (200×). (C) CT scans of giant panda Ya-Xiang. (D) Ultrasound examination results of the left testicle of Xi-Meng.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Overview diagram of subsequent research.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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